{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T02:46:06Z","timestamp":1793933166720,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T14:09:12Z","timestamp":1703340552000},"page":"104943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resistant and refractory migraine: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ornello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna P.","family":"Andreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3468-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"De Matteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim P.","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia T.","family":"Minen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0651-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01173.x","article-title":"Towards a definition of intractable headache for use in clinical practice and trials","volume":"26","author":"Goadsby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01132.x","article-title":"Defining refractory migraine and refractory chronic migraine: proposed criteria from the refractory headache special interest section of the American Headache society","volume":"48","author":"Schulman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-77","article-title":"Austrian Consensus Group on Refractory Chronic M. Comment on: martelletti et\u00a0al. Refractory chronic migraine: a consensus statement on clinical definition from the European Headache Federation","volume":"15","author":"Wober","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-47","article-title":"Refractory chronic migraine: a consensus statement on clinical definition from the European Headache Federation","volume":"15","author":"Martelletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1040-x","article-title":"Identifying and managing refractory migraine: barriers and opportunities?","volume":"20","author":"D'Antona","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01130-5","article-title":"European headache federation consensus on the definition of resistant and refractory migraine : developed with the endorsement of the European Migraine & Headache Alliance (EMHA)","volume":"21","author":"Sacco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01252-4","article-title":"Burden and attitude to resistant and refractory migraine: a survey from the European Headache Federation with the endorsement of the European Migraine & Headache Alliance","volume":"22","author":"Sacco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1039-3","article-title":"Migraine patients' journey until a tertiary headache center: an observational study","volume":"20","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14419","article-title":"Migraine in the context of chronic primary pain, chronic overlapping pain disorders, and functional somatic disorders: a narrative review","volume":"62","author":"Henningsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312233","article-title":"Migraine and its psychiatric comorbidities","volume":"87","author":"Minen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx269","article-title":"Stress is associated with poor outcome of acute treatment for chronic migraine: a multicenter study","volume":"19","author":"Cha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01485-x","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological factors in individuals with migraine without psychiatric comorbidities","volume":"23","author":"Pistoia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418761047","article-title":"Factors associated to chronic migraine with medication overuse: a cross-sectional study","volume":"38","author":"Viana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13459","article-title":"Migraine progression: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Buse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0003-1","article-title":"CGRP as the target of new migraine therapies\u2013successful translation from bench to clinic","volume":"14","author":"Edvinsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1618830","article-title":"Gepants for the treatment of migraine","volume":"28","author":"Negro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130733","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative effectiveness meta-analysis of drugs for the prophylaxis of migraine headache","volume":"10","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01431-x","article-title":"European Headache Federation guideline on the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene related peptide pathway for migraine prevention\u20132022 update","volume":"23","author":"Sacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01408-w","article-title":"Comparing the relative and absolute effect of erenumab: is a 50% response enough? Results from the ESTEEMen study","volume":"23","author":"Ornello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.203","article-title":"Are migraineurs at increased risk of adverse drug responses? A meta-analytic comparison of topiramate-related adverse drug reactions in epilepsy and migraine","volume":"85","author":"Luykx","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000313","article-title":"Nocebo in headache","volume":"29","author":"Mitsikostas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1066-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of migraine as a chronic evolutive condition","volume":"20","author":"Andreou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416678382","article-title":"Persistence and switching patterns of oral migraine prophylactic medications among patients with chronic migraine: a retrospective claims analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hepp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01986.x","article-title":"Tolerance and loss of beneficial effect during migraine prophylaxis: clinical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Loder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14724","article-title":"Chronic migraine: genetics or environment?","volume":"28","author":"Chalmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0036-y","article-title":"The trigeminocervical complex and migraine: current concepts and synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Bartsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003963","article-title":"Hypothalamus as a mediator of chronic migraine: evidence from high-resolution fMRI","volume":"88","author":"Schulte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0602-3","article-title":"Targeted orexin and hypothalamic neuropeptides for migraine","volume":"15","author":"Strother","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13529","article-title":"CGRP and the trigeminal system in migraine","volume":"59","author":"Iyengar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.162","article-title":"Structural plasticity and reorganisation in chronic pain","volume":"18","author":"Kuner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.898219","article-title":"Early onset diffusion abnormalities in refractory headache disorders","volume":"13","author":"Santoro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1510","article-title":"Between placebo and nocebo: response to control treatment is mediated by amygdala activity and connectivity","volume":"24","author":"Egorova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib34","series-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide as a biomarker in migraine","author":"Alemam","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13472","article-title":"Refractory migraine profile in CGRP-monoclonal antibodies scenario","volume":"144","author":"Silvestro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10883-9","article-title":"Interictal plasma glutamate levels are elevated in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14267","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system and related lipids as potential targets for the treatment of migraine-related pain","volume":"62","author":"Greco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417702120","article-title":"Kappa opioid receptor antagonists: a possible new class of therapeutics for migraine prevention","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020225","article-title":"Pharmacological profiling of K(ATP) channel modulators: an outlook for new treatment opportunities for migraine","volume":"16","author":"Dyhring","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14412","article-title":"Prolactin in headache and migraine: a systematic review of preclinical studies","volume":"63","author":"Al-Karagholi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02140.x","article-title":"Opioids should not be used in migraine","volume":"52","author":"Tepper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-011817-044739","article-title":"Use and misuse of opioids in chronic pain","volume":"69","author":"Volkow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01502-z","article-title":"European Headache Federation (EHF) consensus on the definition of effective treatment of a migraine attack and of triptan failure","volume":"23","author":"Sacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa211","article-title":"Differential medication overuse risk of novel anti-migraine therapeutics","volume":"143","author":"Saengjaroentham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30146-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of medication overuse headache","volume":"18","author":"Diener","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03157.x","article-title":"Short-term effectiveness of simple advice as a withdrawal strategy in simple and complicated medication overuse headache","volume":"18","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1409","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200117","article-title":"Patient-centered treatment of chronic migraine with medication overuse: a prospective, randomized, pragmatic clinical trial","volume":"98","author":"Schwedt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1179","article-title":"Comparison of 3 treatment strategies for medication overuse headache: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Carlsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e319","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002341","article-title":"The beneficial effect of positive treatment expectations on pharmacological migraine prophylaxis","volume":"163","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0976-1","article-title":"An open-label prospective study of the real-life\u00a0use of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of chronic\u00a0migraine: the REPOSE study","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30279-9","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of galcanezumab in patients for whom previous migraine preventive medication from two to four categories had failed (CONQUER): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial","volume":"19","author":"Mulleners","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10161","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32534-0","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of erenumab in patients with episodic migraine in whom two-to-four previous preventive treatments were unsuccessful: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study","volume":"392","author":"Reuter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10203","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31946-4","article-title":"Fremanezumab versus placebo for migraine prevention in patients with documented failure to up to four migraine preventive medication classes (FOCUS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial","volume":"394","author":"Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00185-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of eptinezumab for migraine prevention in patients with two-to-four previous preventive treatment failures (DELIVER): a multi-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial","volume":"21","author":"Ashina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01127-0","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective real-world analysis of erenumab in refractory chronic migraine","volume":"21","author":"Lambru","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00417","article-title":"Erenumab in chronic migraine patients who previously failed five first-line oral prophylactics and OnabotulinumtoxinA: a dual-center retrospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Raffaelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211008401","article-title":"Fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of migraine: subgroup analysis by number of prior preventive treatments with inadequate response","volume":"41","author":"Pazdera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01267-x","article-title":"MAB-MIG: registry of the Spanish neurological society of erenumab for migraine prevention","volume":"22","author":"Belv\u00eds","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01556-7","article-title":"Predicting response to CGRP-monoclonal antibodies in patients with migraine in Japan: a single-centre retrospective observational study","volume":"24","author":"Ihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30234-9","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered atogepant for the prevention of episodic migraine in adults: a double-blind, randomised phase 2b\/3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Goadsby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035908","article-title":"Atogepant for the preventive treatment of migraine","volume":"385","author":"Ailani","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10268","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32544-7","article-title":"Oral rimegepant for preventive treatment of migraine: a phase 2\/3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Croop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01049-8","article-title":"Atogepant for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine (PROGRESS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Pozo-Rosich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010034","article-title":"Sustained efficacy, safety and high adherence rate of onabotulinum toxin type A in chronic migraine patients: a multicentric prospective real-life study","volume":"15","author":"Corbelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib65","article-title":"Erenumab versus topiramate for the prevention of migraine\u2013a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled phase 4 trial","volume":"42","author":"Reuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14715","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of erenumab in migraine prevention: results from a 5-year, open-label treatment phase of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Ashina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080529","article-title":"Pooled analysis of real-world evidence supports anti-CGRP mAbs and OnabotulinumtoxinA combined trial in chronic migraine","volume":"14","author":"Scuteri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282533","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy plus amitriptyline for chronic migraine in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Powers","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4871","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4871","article-title":"Effect of preventive (beta blocker) treatment, behavioural migraine management, or their combination on outcomes of optimised acute treatment in frequent migraine: randomised controlled trial","volume":"341","author":"Holroyd","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381142","article-title":"Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine headache: ONSTIM feasibility study","volume":"31","author":"Saper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412462642","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Silberstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002918","article-title":"Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation: the EVENT study","volume":"87","author":"Silberstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01428-6","article-title":"Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the preventive treatment of difficult-to-treat migraine: a 12-month prospective analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lloyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12236","article-title":"High-cervical spinal cord stimulation for medically intractable chronic migraine","volume":"18","author":"De Agostino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13465","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory chronic migraine: a prospective long-term open-label study","volume":"25","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12579","article-title":"Occipital and trigeminal nerve blocks for migraine","volume":"55","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-103180","article-title":"Lidocaine infusions for refractory chronic migraine: a retrospective analysis","volume":"47","author":"Schwenk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415596445","article-title":"Physical therapy for headaches","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez-de-Las-Penas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib79","series-title":"Bontriage.BonTriage web site","author":"Cowan","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01113-6","article-title":"Sustained response to onabotulinumtoxin A in patients with chronic migraine: real-life data","volume":"21","author":"Ornello","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01682-2","article-title":"Impact of a reimbursement policy change on treatment with erenumab in migraine\u2013a real-world experience from Germany","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1021\/bc4003103","article-title":"Synthetic self-assembling clostridial chimera for modulation of sensory functions","volume":"24","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2015.10.008","article-title":"Efficacy of continuous theta burst stimulation of the primary motor cortex in reducing migraine frequency: a preliminary open-label study","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chin Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221141686","article-title":"Efficacy of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine based on triptan treatment experience: pooled results from three phase 3 randomized clinical trials","volume":"43","author":"Lipton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396423005091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396423005091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T02:11:38Z","timestamp":1739499098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396423005091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S2352396423005091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resistant and refractory migraine: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104943","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104943"}}