{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:58:52Z","timestamp":1789041532759,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001024","name":"Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AI060699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI060699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001024","name":"Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL163556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL163556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001024","name":"Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL152960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL152960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK054759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK054759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL163024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL163024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HL140261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HL140261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI129269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI129269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AI060699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI060699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEZZUL20A1-KB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEZZUL20A1-KB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032768","name":"Steans Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI129269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI129269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015515","name":"Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T01:40:42Z","timestamp":1758073242000},"page":"105920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["IL-13 decreases susceptibility to airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infection but increases disease severity in vivo via eicosanoid signalling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8975-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreya","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biyun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Gannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Wohlford-Lenane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Thurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace C.","family":"Necker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Meyerholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul B.","family":"McCray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7544-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro A.","family":"Pezzulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2141","article-title":"Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a large U.S. health system : a population-based cohort study","volume":"176","author":"Dryden-Peterson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11121","article-title":"IL-6 receptor antagonist therapy for patients hospitalized for COVID-19: who, when, and how?","volume":"326","author":"Matthay","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249892","article-title":"IL-4\/IL-13-producing ILC2s are required for timely control of intestinal helminth infection in mice","volume":"52","author":"Varela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.05.032","article-title":"Chemokines and eicosanoids fuel the hyperinflammation within the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"148","author":"Zaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib5","article-title":"IL-13 is a driver of COVID-19 severity","volume":"6","author":"Donlan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac745","article-title":"Dupilumab use is associated with protection from coronavirus disease 2019 mortality: a retrospective analysis","volume":"76","author":"Donlan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad630","article-title":"Pulmonary function and survival 1 year after dupilumab treatment of acute moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019: a Follow-up study from a phase 2a trial","volume":"11","author":"Hendrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd2071","article-title":"Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020296","article-title":"An early Th1 response is a key factor for a favorable COVID-19 evolution","volume":"10","author":"Gil-Etayo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.10.3444","article-title":"IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells","volume":"146","author":"Fiorentino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.11.3815","article-title":"IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages","volume":"147","author":"Fiorentino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3488","article-title":"TH2 cytokines from malignant cells suppress TH1 responses and enforce a global TH2 bias in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Guenova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v18.i4.10","article-title":"Crossregulation between Th1 and Th2 cells","volume":"18","author":"Morel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.706902","article-title":"Th2\/Th1 cytokine imbalance is associated with higher COVID-19 risk mortality","volume":"12","author":"Pavel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0364OC","article-title":"The type 2 asthma mediator IL-13 inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection of bronchial epithelium","volume":"66","author":"Bonser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2024.0008","article-title":"Roles of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in lung cancer","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70006","article-title":"Tissue-resident Th2 cells in type 2 immunity and allergic diseases","volume":"330","author":"Mannion","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"7821","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2588-y","article-title":"Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19","volume":"584","author":"Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123524","article-title":"HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin reverts IL-13- and IL-17-induced airway goblet cell metaplasia","volume":"129","author":"Pezzulo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5397","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2261","article-title":"Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma","volume":"282","author":"Grunig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118600","article-title":"IL-13 induces eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5- and eotaxin-dependent mechanism","volume":"108","author":"Pope","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10224","article-title":"An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Mishra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00966","article-title":"Foxa2 regulates alveolarization and goblet cell hyperplasia","volume":"131","author":"Wan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.4.4620","article-title":"Interleukin-13 mediates airways hyperreactivity through the IL-4 receptor-alpha chain and STAT-6 independently of IL-5 and eotaxin","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17023","article-title":"Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis","volume":"324","author":"Group WHOREAfC-TW","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","article-title":"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2031994","article-title":"Baricitinib plus remdesivir for hospitalized adults with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Kalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.03.029","article-title":"Patients taking benralizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab have lower postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 immunity","volume":"154","author":"Runnstrom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib30","first-page":"115","article-title":"An in vitro model of differentiated human airway epithelia. Methods for establishing primary cultures","volume":"188","author":"Karp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7908","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04630-3","article-title":"Eicosanoid signalling blockade protects middle-aged mice from severe COVID-19","volume":"605","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0304OC","article-title":"Airway surface liquid has innate antiviral activity that is reduced in cystic fibrosis","volume":"62","author":"Berkebile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.10.019","article-title":"De novo generation of a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus with a bicistronic gene","volume":"140","author":"Touzelet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11718","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00798-10","article-title":"Cytopathogenesis of sendai virus in well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"84","author":"Villenave","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.07.018","article-title":"Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector protects against SARS-CoV-2-Mediated pathogenesis in mice","volume":"28","author":"Case","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3855-y","article-title":"Glycogen depletion can increase the specificity of mucin detection in airway tissues","volume":"11","author":"Meyerholz","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-018-0057-0","article-title":"Principles and approaches for reproducible scoring of tissue stains in research","volume":"98","author":"Meyerholz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"6385","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam8999","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding","volume":"360","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme 4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519","article-title":"Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification","volume":"34","author":"Bray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7563.1","article-title":"Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences","volume":"4","author":"Soneson","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2486-6","article-title":"iDEP: an integrated web application for differential expression and pathway analysis of RNA-seq data","volume":"19","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.12.004","article-title":"The molecular signatures database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection","volume":"1","author":"Liberzon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt703","article-title":"Causal analysis approaches in ingenuity pathway analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150632","article-title":"Critical role of phospholipase A2 group IID in age-related susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV infection","volume":"212","author":"Vijay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in airway epithelial cells","volume":"146","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.641295","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha agents modulate SARS-CoV-2 receptors and increase the risk of infection through Notch-1 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Keewan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.01.041","article-title":"Psoriatic lesional expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is reduced by blockade of IL-17 signaling but not by other biologic treatments","volume":"87","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318204edb5","article-title":"Effects of IL-13 on mucociliary differentiation of pediatric asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"69","author":"Thavagnanam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-59","article-title":"IL-4 and IL-13 exposure during mucociliary differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells increases antimicrobial activity and expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"12","author":"Zuyderduyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0180OC","article-title":"IL-13 and epidermal growth factor receptor have critical but distinct roles in epithelial cell mucin production","volume":"36","author":"Zhen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C331","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00112.2020","article-title":"TNFalpha and IL-17 alkalinize airway surface liquid through CFTR and pendrin","volume":"319","author":"Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18781-2","article-title":"Type 2 and interferon inflammation regulate SARS-CoV-2 entry factor expression in the airway epithelium","volume":"11","author":"Sajuthi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081104","article-title":"Inflammation as a regulator of the airway surface liquid pH in cystic fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42751-4","article-title":"Airway surface liquid acidification initiates host defense abnormalities in cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Simonin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.605024","article-title":"All about the RNA: interferon-stimulated genes that interfere with viral RNA processes","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.030","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming","volume":"186","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.603817","article-title":"Injecting immunosuppressive M2 macrophages alleviates the symptoms of periodontitis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib61","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their small extracellular vesicles as crucial immunological efficacy for hepatic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02182-2020","article-title":"Potential of regulatory T-cell-based therapies in the management of severe COVID-19","volume":"56","author":"Stephen-Victor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S262566","article-title":"GM-CSF: a promising target in inflammation and autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113640","article-title":"Receptors for prostaglandin E(2) that regulate cellular immune responses in the mouse","volume":"108","author":"Nataraj","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.05.003","article-title":"Prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the crosshairs of anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and neuroprotection","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"440","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao0052","article-title":"PGD2\/DP2 receptor activation promotes severe viral bronchiolitis by suppressing IFN-Lambda production","volume":"10","author":"Werder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104566","article-title":"Responses of human mast cells and epithelial cells following exposure to influenza A virus","volume":"171","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01750.x","article-title":"Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in influenza virus induction of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid in bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"33","author":"Mizumura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255335","article-title":"Impaired immune response mediated by prostaglandin E2 promotes severe COVID-19 disease","volume":"16","author":"Ricke-Hoch","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33682-2","article-title":"Serum lipid mediator profiles in COVID-19 patients and lung disease severity: a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Irun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100540R","article-title":"High levels of eicosanoids and docosanoids in the lungs of intubated COVID-19 patients","volume":"35","author":"Archambault","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607779941314","article-title":"Eicosanoids in inflammation: biosynthesis, pharmacology, and therapeutic frontiers","volume":"7","author":"Khanapure","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119680119","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13","volume":"119","author":"Morrison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad383","article-title":"Interleukin 13-induced inflammation increases DPP4 abundance but does not enhance Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in airway epithelia","volume":"229","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218083120","article-title":"Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses","volume":"120","author":"Otter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib77","article-title":"Asthma associated cytokines regulate the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the lung tissue of asthmatic patients","volume":"12","author":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.03.021","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelium in allergic asthma through functional alteration of ciliated epithelial cells","volume":"152","author":"Doni Jayavelu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.042","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract","volume":"182","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-06","article-title":"Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"81","author":"McCray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00512.x","article-title":"Mast cells and eicosanoid mediators: a system of reciprocal paracrine and autocrine regulation","volume":"217","author":"Boyce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI147201","article-title":"Coronavirus-specific antibody production in middle-aged mice requires phospholipase A2G2D","volume":"131","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40160","article-title":"Exacerbation of aging-associated and instability-induced murine osteoarthritis with deletion of D prostanoid receptor 1, a prostaglandin D(2) receptor","volume":"69","author":"Ouhaddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102508","article-title":"Prostaglandin D2 signaling in dendritic cells is critical for the development of EAE","volume":"114","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01969-21","article-title":"Differential effects of prostaglandin D(2) signaling on macrophages and microglia in murine coronavirus encephalomyelitis","volume":"12","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3786","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation in asthma--present in most, absent in many","volume":"15","author":"Fahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6166","article-title":"M-1\/M-2 macrophages and the Th1\/Th2 paradigm","volume":"164","author":"Mills","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1186-8","article-title":"Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB\/c and C57BL\/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (pasteurella pneumotropica) strain","volume":"18","author":"Fornefett","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2023.02.001","article-title":"Hyaluronan in the pathogenesis of acute and post-acute COVID-19 infection","volume":"116","author":"Barnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.005","article-title":"Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19","volume":"156","author":"Rogero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2018.1432592","article-title":"Fevipiprant in the treatment of asthma","volume":"27","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396425003640?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396425003640?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:38:45Z","timestamp":1778873925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396425003640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S2352396425003640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"IL-13 decreases susceptibility to airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infection but increases disease severity in vivo via eicosanoid signalling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105920"}}