{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:54:47Z","timestamp":1790787287043,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215733\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215733\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221633\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221633\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson&apos;s Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson&apos;s Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["022159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AG058853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG058853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-NS112120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-NS112120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226420\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226420\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005370","name":"Gates Cambridge Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000319","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PG013-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PG013-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012338","name":"Alan Turing Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203249\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203249\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012338","name":"Alan Turing Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["065807\/Z\/01\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["065807\/Z\/01\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000735","name":"University of Cambridge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/T003553\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T003553\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/T017961\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T017961\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/S026045\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S026045\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/N014588\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/N014588\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/V029428\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V029428\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K02292X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K02292X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:54:12Z","timestamp":1761947652000},"page":"105996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Brain age prediction and early neurodegeneration detection using contrastive learning on brain biomechanics: a retrospective, multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2619-9395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Tr\u00e4uble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6296-7442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy V.","family":"Hiscox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7760-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Curtis L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Aviles-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola B.","family":"Sch\u00f6nlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1843-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele S.","family":"Kaminski Schierle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.931536","article-title":"Normal aging induces changes in the brain and neurodegeneration progress: review of the structural, biochemical, metabolic, cellular, and molecular changes","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20411","article-title":"Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation","volume":"539","author":"Wyss-Coray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.067","article-title":"Changes in structural and functional connectivity among resting-state networks across the human lifespan","volume":"102 Pt 2","author":"Betzel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.004","article-title":"Age-related changes in grey and white matter structure throughout adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Giorgio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2785","article-title":"Effects of age and gender on white matter integrity","volume":"32","author":"Inano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu012","article-title":"A brain-wide study of age-related changes in functional connectivity","volume":"25","author":"Geerligs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2011.00005","article-title":"Changes in cortical plasticity across the lifespan","volume":"3","author":"Freitas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117889","article-title":"Aging brain mechanics: progress and promise of magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"232","author":"Hiscox","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sm50552a","article-title":"Structure-sensitive elastography: on the viscoelastic powerlaw behavior of in vivo human tissue in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Sack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R401","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/24\/R401","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the human brain: technique, findings and clinical applications","volume":"61","author":"Hiscox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25192","article-title":"Standard-space atlas of the viscoelastic properties of the human brain","volume":"41","author":"Hiscox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25891","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography of the ageing brain in normal and demented populations: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023451","article-title":"The influence of physiological aging and atrophy on brain viscoelastic properties in humans","volume":"6","author":"Sack","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.12.007","article-title":"Regional brain stiffness changes across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum","volume":"10","author":"Murphy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.12.023","article-title":"Combining viscoelasticity, diffusivity and volume of the hippocampus for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"18","author":"Gerischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz049","article-title":"Mechanical property alterations across the cerebral cortex due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Hiscox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.016","article-title":"Measuring the effects of aging and sex on regional brain stiffness with MR elastography in healthy older adults","volume":"111","author":"Arani","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.010","article-title":"High-resolution magnetic resonance elastography reveals differences in subcortical gray matter viscoelasticity between young and healthy older adults","volume":"65","author":"Hiscox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00789","article-title":"Ten years of BrainAGE as a neuroimaging biomarker of brain aging: what insights have we gained?","volume":"10","author":"Franke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101871","article-title":"Accurate brain age prediction with lightweight deep neural networks","volume":"68","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103600","article-title":"Machine learning for brain age prediction: introduction to methods and clinical applications","volume":"72","author":"Baecker","year":"2021","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.005","article-title":"Estimating the age of healthy subjects from T1-weighted MRI scans using kernel methods: exploring the influence of various parameters","volume":"50","author":"Franke","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00219-7","article-title":"Deep learning-based brain age prediction in normal aging and dementia","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib24","series-title":"2023 IEEE 20th international symposium on biomedical Imaging (ISBI). Cartagena, Colombia","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contrastive learning for regression in multi-site brain Age prediction","author":"Barbano","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/biomethods\/bpae086","article-title":"MRI-based whole-brain elastography and volumetric measurements to predict brain Age","volume":"10","author":"Claros-Olivares","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Methods Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103327","article-title":"Hippocampal subfield viscoelasticity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment evaluated with MR elastography","volume":"37","author":"Delgorio","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02820-0","article-title":"MR imaging of human brain mechanics in vivo: new measurements to facilitate the development of computational models of brain injury","volume":"49","author":"Bayly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20968032","article-title":"Blood lipid markers are associated with hippocampal viscoelastic properties and memory in humans","volume":"41","author":"Sanjana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7957","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0592-22.2022","article-title":"Structure\u2013Function dissociations of human hippocampal subfield stiffness and memory performance","volume":"42","author":"Delgorio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6388","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4754649","article-title":"Multiresolution MR elastography using nonlinear inversion","volume":"39","author":"McGarry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(00)00039-6","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography: Non-invasive mapping of tissue elasticity","volume":"5","author":"Manduca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0356-5","article-title":"Use of a Rayleigh damping model in elastography","volume":"46","author":"McGarry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"365","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advanced normalization tools (ants)","volume":"2","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insight J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib35","article-title":"Contrastive learning with adaptive neighborhoods for brain Age prediction on 3D stiffness maps","author":"Tr\u00e4uble","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib36","series-title":"International encyclopedia of statistical science","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Principal component analysis","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib37","series-title":"NeurIPS proceedings","article-title":"Gaussian processes for regression","author":"Williams","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib38","series-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","first-page":"770","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abcd17","article-title":"Interpretation and visualization techniques for deep learning models in medical imaging","volume":"66","author":"Huff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib40","first-page":"386","article-title":"A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. Part I","volume":"53","author":"Theil","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc R Neth Acad Sci Ser A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib41","first-page":"521","article-title":"A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. Part II","volume":"53","author":"Theil","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc R Neth Acad Sci Ser A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib42","first-page":"1397","article-title":"A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. Part III","volume":"53","author":"Theil","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc R Neth Acad Sci Ser A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1968.10480934","article-title":"Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau","volume":"63","author":"Sen","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","article-title":"An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)","volume":"52","author":"Shapiro","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"The probable error of a mean","volume":"6","year":"1908","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2307\/3001968","article-title":"Individual comparisons by ranking methods","volume":"1","author":"Wilcoxon","year":"1945","journal-title":"Biom Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491","article-title":"On a Test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other","volume":"18","author":"Mann","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23314","article-title":"Viscoelasticity of subcortical gray matter structures","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119590","article-title":"Mapping brain mechanical property maturation from childhood to adulthood","volume":"263","author":"McIlvain","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.07.040","article-title":"Brain stiffness increases with myelin content","volume":"42","author":"Weickenmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences","volume":"21","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y","article-title":"Brain charts for the human lifespan","volume":"604","author":"Bethlehem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.040","article-title":"The impact of aging and gender on brain viscoelasticity","volume":"46","author":"Sack","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14766","article-title":"Mechanobiology of the brain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"53","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2987","article-title":"MR elastography in a murine stroke model reveals correlation of macroscopic viscoelastic properties of the brain with neuronal density","volume":"26","author":"Freimann","year":"2013","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.08.036","article-title":"Brain maturation is associated with increasing tissue stiffness and decreasing tissue fluidity","volume":"99","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092582","article-title":"Enhanced adult neurogenesis increases brain stiffness: in vivo magnetic resonance elastography in a mouse model of dopamine depletion","volume":"9","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25741","article-title":"MR elastography detection of early viscoelastic response of the murine hippocampus to amyloid \u03b2 accumulation and neuronal cell loss due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"47","author":"Munder","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17455","article-title":"MR elastography demonstrates unique regional brain stiffness patterns in dementias","volume":"209","author":"ElSheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3031898","article-title":"Small data challenges in Big Data Era: a Survey of recent progress on unsupervised and semi-supervised methods","volume":"44","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07054-7","article-title":"MR elastography frequency\u2013dependent and independent parameters demonstrate accelerated decrease of brain stiffness in elder subjects","volume":"30","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15020067","article-title":"Age-Related changes in caudate glucose metabolism: insights from normative modeling study in healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.04.011","article-title":"Shape abnormalities of the caudate nucleus correlate with poorer gait and balance: results from a subset of the LADIS Study","volume":"23","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2757","article-title":"Frequency of cholinergic and caudate Nucleus dopaminergic deficits across the predemented cognitive spectrum of Parkinson Disease and evidence of interaction effects","volume":"72","author":"Bohnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415585857","article-title":"The thalamus as a putative biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"49","author":"Power","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crneur.2023.100084","article-title":"Thalamic nuclei changes in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Forno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Res Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.007","article-title":"Double dissociation of structure-function relationships in memory and fluid intelligence observed with magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"171","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.02.059","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe viscoelasticity and relational memory performance","volume":"132","author":"Schwarb","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcae424","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae424","article-title":"The contributions of relative brain viscosity to brain function and health","volume":"6","author":"McIlvain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9988-8","article-title":"Hippocampal viscoelasticity and episodic memory performance in healthy older adults examined with magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"14","author":"Hiscox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103328","article-title":"Differential effect of dementia etiology on cortical stiffness as assessed by MR elastography","volume":"37","author":"Pavuluri","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww083","article-title":"Thalamic pathology and memory loss in early Alzheimer's disease: moving the focus from the medial temporal lobe to Papez circuit","volume":"139","author":"Aggleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13563","article-title":"When the central integrator disintegrates: a review of the role of the thalamus in cognition and dementia","volume":"20","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26502","article-title":"Prediction of brain age using structural magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison of accuracy and test\u2013retest reliability of publicly available software packages","volume":"44","author":"D\u00f6rfel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.803","article-title":"The preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite: measuring amyloid-related decline","volume":"71","author":"Donohue","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22263","article-title":"A multi-modal, multi-atlas-based approach for Alzheimer detection via machine learning","volume":"28","author":"Asim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396425004402?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396425004402?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:38:55Z","timestamp":1778873935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396425004402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S2352396425004402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brain age prediction and early neurodegeneration detection using contrastive learning on brain biomechanics: a retrospective, multicentre study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105996","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105996"}}