{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1786490921435,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019310","name":"Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"United States Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425-24-1-1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-24-1-1017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:27:19Z","timestamp":1782858439000},"page":"106357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Endogenous neuroprotection in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willians","family":"Tambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Giliberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7604-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sciubba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.034","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"73","author":"Iadecola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am College Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e317","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000494","article-title":"Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia in the United States: prevalence and incidence: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.68304","article-title":"Pathophysiology of blood brain barrier dysfunction during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Rajeev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.222","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction \u2013 the disregarded partner of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Sweeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0459-3","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Farooq","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1397088","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions as adjunctive treatment for vascular dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12830-2","article-title":"Effects of exercise on patients with vascular cognitive impairment based on ACSM recommendations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"272","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.09.072","article-title":"Effects of different non-invasive brain stimulation interventions on cognitive and functional abilities in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.894930","article-title":"The effect of multimodal non-pharmacological interventions on cognitive function improvement for people with dementia: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Sharew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.04.011","article-title":"Effect of multicomponent exercise on cognition, physical function and activities of daily life in older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00852-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the Association of Nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. The CONIVaD trial","volume":"38","author":"Salvadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib12","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for vascular dementia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Dang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13141","article-title":"Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation","volume":"288","author":"Kirkland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6611","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186611","article-title":"Vascular dementia: from pathophysiology to therapeutic frontiers","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13817","article-title":"Effect of peripheral cellular senescence on brain aging and cognitive decline","volume":"22","author":"Budamagunta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.706834","article-title":"Acupuncture can regulate the peripheral immune cell spectrum and inflammatory environment of the vascular dementia rat, and improve the cognitive dysfunction of the rats","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib17","article-title":"Acupuncture regulates the Th17\/Treg balance and improves cognitive deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia","volume":"9","author":"Qiuping","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2015.12.001","article-title":"Acupuncture reversed hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular dementia rats","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14089","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation and short-chain fatty acids protected against cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"29","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110122","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced axonal hypomyelination by regulating gut microbiota-derived metabolism and oligodendrogenesis","volume":"147","author":"Su","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.12.004","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1191-9","article-title":"Photobiomodulation for global cerebral ischemia: targeting mitochondrial dynamics and functions","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2142544.272","article-title":"Low-intensity treadmill exercise protects cognitive impairment by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4067\/s0717-95022024000300594","article-title":"Involvement of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in effects of hypoxic hypobaric preconditioning on hippocampal damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in C57\/6j and a7nAchRs(-\/-) mice","volume":"42","author":"Harmatina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2022.01.008","article-title":"Neurogranin as an important regulator in swimming training to improve the spatial memory dysfunction of mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.582904","article-title":"Acupuncture improves white matter perfusion and integrity in rat model of vascular dementia: an MRI-based imaging study","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115022","article-title":"Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates chronic ischemic demyelination and vascular cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"383","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3618","article-title":"High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates memory impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mice","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8429","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.119422","article-title":"Intermittent fasting reprograms the brain proteome to prevent synaptic degeneration and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia","volume":"15","author":"Tabassum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75188","article-title":"Intermittent fasting attenuates hallmark vascular and neuronal pathologies in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"18","author":"Rajeev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00404","article-title":"Physical exercise improves cognitive function together with microglia phenotype modulation and remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1227","article-title":"Limb remote ischemic conditioning promotes myelination by upregulating PTEN\/Akt\/mTOR signaling activities after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X07005260","article-title":"Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui Acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured sprague-dawley rats","volume":"35","author":"Chuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113353","article-title":"Exercise preconditioning ameliorates cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior via regulation of dopamine in ischemia rats","volume":"233","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175221144367","article-title":"Physical exercise exerts neuroprotective effect on memory impairment by mitigate the decline of striatum catecholamine and spine density in a vascular dementia rat model","volume":"37","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57080-4","article-title":"Treadmill exercise pretreatment ameliorated structural synaptic plasticity impairments of medial prefrontal cortex in vascular dementia rat and improved recognition memory","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.235251","article-title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function and cholinergic activity in the rat hippocampus after vascular dementia","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.985246","article-title":"Enriched environment attenuates hippocampal theta and gamma rhythms dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via improving imbalanced neural afferent levels","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib39","article-title":"Enriched environment remodels the central immune environment and improves the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in elderly mice with chronic ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4891","article-title":"Effect of exercise-induced neurogenesis on cognitive function deficit in a rat model of vascular dementia","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-025-01547-z","article-title":"Investigating molecular mechanisms in ischemic preconditioning-induced resiliency to severe acute global cerebral ischemia using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"45","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.1125","article-title":"Limb remote ischemic conditioning ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by regulating glucose transport","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9610-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of electroacupuncture on an animal model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib44","article-title":"Remote ischemia post-conditioning decreases phospho-tau protein phosphorylation of hippocampal neurons of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through increasing autophagy associated with Up-Regulating Nrf2-Are","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-014-0374-6","article-title":"Remote ischemic postconditioning: harnessing endogenous protection in a murine model of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70925","article-title":"Vasoactive neuropeptide dysregulation: a novel mechanism of microvascular dysfunction in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"21","author":"Tambo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71815","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding modulates the DNA methylation landscape, attenuates hallmark neuropathology and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of vascular dementia","volume":"12","author":"Selvaraji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.12.023","article-title":"An enriched environment elevates corticosteroid receptor levels in the hippocampus and restores cognitive function in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.12.018","article-title":"The ameliorative effects of exercise on cognitive impairment and white matter injury from blood-brain barrier disruption induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in adolescent rats","volume":"638","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2142340.170","article-title":"Preischemic treadmill exercise ameliorates memory impairment and microvasculature damage in rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112385","article-title":"Protection of blood-brain barrier as a potential mechanism for enriched environments to improve cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"379","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib52","article-title":"Exercise improves cerebral blood flow and functional outcomes in an experimental mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID)","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.1106","article-title":"Limb ischemic conditioning improved cognitive deficits via eNOS-Dependent augmentation of angiogenesis after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats","volume":"9","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.11.030","article-title":"The impact of early aerobic exercise on brain microvascular alterations induced by cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"1657","author":"Leardini-Trist\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0555-1","article-title":"Chronic remote ischemic conditioning is cerebroprotective and induces vascular remodeling in a VCID model","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01771-y","article-title":"Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"17","author":"Leardini-Trist\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9076042","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improved chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairments in spontaneously hypertensive rats by downregulating the ACE\/Ang II\/AT1R axis and upregulating the ACE2\/Ang-(1-7)\/MasR axis","volume":"2020","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000002114","article-title":"Electroacupuncture alleviated chronic cerebral hypoperfusion damages via targeting aquaporin 4 to prevent amyloid-beta accumulation","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193019","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances cerebrospinal fluid circulation and restores cognitive function in the rodent model of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118732","article-title":"Acupuncture attenuates cognitive deficits through \u03b17nAChR mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats","volume":"266","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6984","article-title":"Lipo-prostaglandin E1 modifies cognitive impairment in rats with vascular cognitive impairment by promoting angiogenesis via the VEGF\/VEGFR pathway","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61614-3","article-title":"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces venous dysfunction via EPAS1 regulation in mice","volume":"16","author":"Wazny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115116","article-title":"Insight into cerebral microvessel endothelial regulation of cognitive impairment: a systematic review of the causes and consequences","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1688-z","article-title":"Dietary salt promotes cognitive impairment through tau phosphorylation","volume":"574","author":"Faraco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181b4f736","article-title":"ASL perfusion MRI predicts cognitive decline and conversion from MCI to dementia","volume":"24","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14112","article-title":"Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes synaptic plasticity by activating the Akt\/ERK signaling pathway and reduces the blood\u2013brain barrier leakage by inhibiting the HIF-1\u03b1\/MMP signaling pathway in vascular dementia model mice","volume":"29","author":"Che","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00549","article-title":"Prostaglandin E1 alleviates cognitive dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by improving hemodynamics","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1526","article-title":"Isosorbide mononitrate and cilostazol treatment in patients with symptomatic cerebral small vessel disease: the lacunar intervention Trial-2 (LACI-2) randomized clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57998-9","article-title":"Dietary salt promotes cognition impairment through GLP-1R\/mTOR\/p70S6K signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16093","article-title":"High salt induces cognitive impairment via the interaction of the angiotensin II-AT1 and prostaglandin E2-EP1 systems","volume":"180","author":"Kubota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01274-z","article-title":"Acupuncture ameliorates diet-induced obesity via the vagal-GLP-1-ARC circuit: neural mechanism of anorexigenic action","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00396.2015","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2\/cyclooxygenase pathway in human skeletal muscle: influence of muscle fiber type and age","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2303066","article-title":"Neuropeptides as potential biomarkers in vascular dementia","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JIN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-023-01011-2","article-title":"Recent updates in autonomic research: orthostatic hypotension in prodromal synucleinopathy; longitudinal morbidity and mortality in orthostatic hypotension with and without supine hypertension; a cardiac vagal sensory system underlying reflex syncope","volume":"34","author":"Beach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120186","article-title":"Neuropeptides: potential neuroprotective agents in ischemic injury","volume":"288","author":"Saklani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137281","article-title":"Vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the basal forebrain improves cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by modulating theta oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"807","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02381-2","article-title":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide protects against cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223629","article-title":"Intranasal peptide therapeutics: a promising avenue for overcoming the challenges of traditional CNS drug development","volume":"11","author":"Bose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01272-x","article-title":"Cellular and molecular regulation of exercise\u2014A neuronal perspective","volume":"43","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz7615","article-title":"Cis P-tau underlies vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and can be effectively targeted by immunotherapy in mice","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.15.5281-5295.2002","article-title":"PIN1 is an E2F target gene essential for Neu\/Ras-induced transformation of mammary epithelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Ryo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08591-1","article-title":"Nociceptive neurons promote gastric tumor progression via a CGRP\/Ramp1 axis","volume":"640","author":"Zhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.578339","article-title":"Past, present, and future of non-invasive brain stimulation approaches to treat cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases: time for a comprehensive critical review","volume":"12","author":"Sanches","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104743","article-title":"Brain stimulation and other biological non-pharmacological interventions in mental disorders: an umbrella review","volume":"139","author":"Rosson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082977","article-title":"Update on the neurobiology of vascular cognitive impairment: from lab to clinic","volume":"21","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib86","first-page":"5208","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve induces diving reflex in a dose-controlled manner","volume":"2020","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17737909","article-title":"Cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during breath-hold and hypoxic challenge in freedivers and healthy controls","volume":"39","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R153","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00202.2021","article-title":"Vascular responses to simulated breath-hold diving involving multiple reflexes","volume":"322","author":"Fico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-023-00128-z","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve stimulation: a current state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioelectron Med"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426002409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426002409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:46:49Z","timestamp":1786488409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396426002409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S2352396426002409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endogenous neuroprotection in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106357","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106357"}}