{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1793996967806,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:14:35Z","timestamp":1784564075000},"page":"106381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Single-cell sequencing reveals NK cell dysregulation during chronic HIV infection and identifies transitional NK cell cytotoxicity related to HIV reservoir decay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Wen-Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Peng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Yi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Yu","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Mei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruo-Nan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Huang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8582-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Wen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1711","article-title":"NK cells in HIV infection: paradigm for protection or targets for ambush","volume":"5","author":"Fauci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0272-z","article-title":"The cancer-natural killer cell immunity cycle","volume":"20","author":"Huntington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-083122-035233","article-title":"Immune responses in controllers of HIV infection","volume":"42","author":"Kwaa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.34","article-title":"Emerging insights into natural killer cells in human peripheral tissues","volume":"16","author":"Bjorkstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15711","article-title":"Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge","volume":"8","author":"Bradley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2323","article-title":"Natural killer cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are an important source of CC-chemokines and suppress HIV-1 entry and replication in vitro","volume":"102","author":"Oliva","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.5663","article-title":"Cutting edge: increased NK cell activity in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected Vietnamese intravascular drug users","volume":"171","author":"Scott-Algara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng934","article-title":"Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070695","article-title":"Differential natural killer cell-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 replication based on distinct KIR\/HLA subtypes","volume":"204","author":"Alter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.06.005","article-title":"HLA-B\u221746 associates with rapid HIV disease progression in Asian cohorts and prominent differences in NK cell phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"7358","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10237","article-title":"HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure","volume":"476","author":"Alter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409872102","article-title":"Characterization of CD56-\/CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells: a highly dysfunctional NK subset expanded in HIV-infected viremic individuals","volume":"102","author":"Mavilio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1100","article-title":"Sequential deregulation of NK cell subset distribution and function starting in acute HIV-1 infection","volume":"106","author":"Alter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879124","article-title":"Natural killer cells in antibody independent and antibody dependent HIV control","volume":"13","author":"Bernard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301247","article-title":"Anti-HIV antibody-dependent activation of NK cells impairs NKp46 expression","volume":"192","author":"Parsons","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27647-0","article-title":"Latency reversal plus natural killer cells diminish HIV reservoir in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23189-7","article-title":"IL-21 and IFNalpha therapy rescues terminally differentiated NK cells and limits SIV reservoir in ART-treated macaques","volume":"12","author":"Harper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103794","article-title":"Implications of the accumulation of CXCR5+ NK cells in lymph nodes of HIV-1 infected patients","volume":"75","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad578","article-title":"Safety and virologic impact of haploidentical NK cells plus IL-2 or N-803 in HIV infection","volume":"229","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1803-z","article-title":"CD57 in human natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes","volume":"65","author":"Kared","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-281675","article-title":"Expression patterns of NKG2A, KIR, and CD57 define a process of CD56dim NK-cell differentiation uncoupled from NK-cell education","volume":"116","author":"Bjorkstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-253286","article-title":"CD62L expression identifies a unique subset of polyfunctional CD56dim NK cells","volume":"116","author":"Juelke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"297","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac5722","article-title":"Human NK cell repertoire diversity reflects immune experience and correlates with viral susceptibility","volume":"7","author":"Strauss-Albee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238347","article-title":"Natural killer cell phenotype is altered in HIV-exposed seronegative women","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.803417","article-title":"Deep phenotypic analysis of blood and lymphoid T and NK cells from HIV+ controllers and ART-suppressed individuals","volume":"13","author":"George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29646","article-title":"A specific natural killer cells phenotypic signature associated to long term elite control of HIV infection","volume":"96","author":"Rallon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01883-0","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell analysis of human natural killer cell heterogeneity","volume":"25","author":"Rebuffet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7888","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04142-6","article-title":"Untimely TGF\u03b2 responses in COVID-19 limit antiviral functions of NK cells","volume":"600","author":"Witkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0799-2","article-title":"Integrated single-cell analysis of multicellular immune dynamics during hyperacute HIV-1 infection","volume":"26","author":"Kazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1826361","article-title":"An atlas of immune cell exhaustion in HIV-infected individuals revealed by single-cell transcriptomics","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100149","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of human CD56neg NK cells by flow cytometry","volume":"1","author":"Orrantia","year":"2020","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57260-4","article-title":"Dual role of circulating and mucosal V\u03b41 T cells in the control of and contribution to persistent HIV-1 infection","volume":"16","author":"Mann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3192","article-title":"Spatial reconstruction of single-cell gene expression data","volume":"33","author":"Satija","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2018.11.005","article-title":"Scrublet: computational identification of cell doublets in single-cell transcriptomic data","volume":"8","author":"Wolock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4463","article-title":"SCENIC: single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering","volume":"14","author":"Aibar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11947-7","article-title":"Heterogeneity of human bone marrow and blood natural killer cells defined by single-cell transcriptome","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1092","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of PB and BM NK cells from severe aplastic anaemia patients","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01884-z","article-title":"Pan-cancer profiling of tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells through transcriptional reference mapping","volume":"25","author":"Netskar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01049-3","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveal a unique memory-like NK cell subset that accumulates with ageing and correlates with disease severity in COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01869","article-title":"Natural killer cells: development, maturation, and clinical utilization","volume":"9","author":"Abel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.017","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: 10 years on","volume":"174","author":"Vivier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-017-0356-x","article-title":"Inflammation, immune activation, and antiretroviral therapy in HIV","volume":"14","author":"Hileman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-02172-3","article-title":"The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00592-0","article-title":"Type I and III interferon responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.032","article-title":"Parsing the interferon transcriptional network and its disease associations","volume":"164","author":"Mostafavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3344","article-title":"The broad-spectrum antiviral functions of IFIT and IFITM proteins","volume":"13","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0020-5","article-title":"ISG15 in antiviral immunity and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Perng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.01.007","article-title":"A rapid method for assessment of natural killer cell function after multiple receptor crosslinking","volume":"366","author":"Al-Hubeshy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.05.012","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between metabolism and cell cycle control","volume":"34","author":"Diehl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0316","article-title":"Spatiotemporal immune landscape of colorectal cancer liver metastasis at single-cell level","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"6282","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0501","article-title":"Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq","volume":"352","author":"Tirosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0082-6","article-title":"Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells","volume":"19","author":"Hammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"90","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi3974","article-title":"Antigen-specific memory NK cell responses against HIV and influenza use the NKG2\/HLA-E axis","volume":"8","author":"Jost","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20172168","article-title":"ARID5B regulates metabolic programming in human adaptive NK cells","volume":"215","author":"Cichocki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00574-8","article-title":"Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Crinier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"57","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abc9801","article-title":"The transcription factor Bcl11b promotes both canonical and adaptive NK cell differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Holmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01327-7","article-title":"Clonal expansion and epigenetic inheritance of long-lasting NK cell memory","volume":"23","author":"R\u00fcckert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00558-3","article-title":"Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity","volume":"22","author":"Bj\u00f6rkstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2150566","article-title":"Distinct inflammation-related proteins associated with T cell immune recovery during chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21724-0","article-title":"Persistence of viral RNA in lymph nodes in ART-suppressed SIV\/SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques","volume":"12","author":"Cadena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2063","article-title":"CD49f acts as an inflammation sensor to regulate differentiation, adhesion, and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib63","article-title":"Distinct viral reservoirs and immune signatures in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy with perinatally acquired HIV-1","volume":"6","author":"Bone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0081-4","article-title":"Metabolic plasticity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells is associated with enhanced antiviral potential and natural control of HIV-1 infection","volume":"1","author":"Angin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.03.003","article-title":"Type I interferon and HIV: subtle balance between antiviral activity, immunopathogenesis and the microbiome","volume":"40","author":"Scagnolari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"7229","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07665","article-title":"Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells","volume":"457","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1086\/504719","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased proportions of NK cells that express the CD94\/NKG2C receptor in aviremic HIV-1-positive patients","volume":"194","author":"Gum\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182660","article-title":"NKG2C and NKG2A coexpression defines a highly functional antiviral NK population in spontaneous HIV control","volume":"9","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Gaona","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3682","article-title":"Expansion of CD94\/NKG2C+ NK cells in response to human cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts","volume":"107","author":"Gum\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd6832","article-title":"Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity","volume":"5","author":"Maucourant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0593-9","article-title":"HIV-1-induced cytokines deplete homeostatic innate lymphoid cells and expand TCF7-dependent memory NK cells","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.024596","article-title":"Proteome analysis of distinct developmental stages of human natural killer (NK) cells","volume":"12","author":"Scheiter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300523","article-title":"Adaptive NK cells rapidly expand during acute HIV infection and persist despite early initiation of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"212","author":"Hearps","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00302-2","article-title":"Immunological and virological findings in a patient with exceptional post-treatment control: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Climent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib75","article-title":"KLRG1 expression on natural killer cells is associated with HIV persistence, and its targeting promotes the reduction of the viral reservoir","volume":"4","author":"Astorga-Gamaza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105997","article-title":"Treatment in acute HIV infection only temporarily preserves monocyte function: a comparative cohort study in adult males","volume":"122","author":"Vlaming","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02290-9","article-title":"Transient tissue residency and lymphatic egress define human CD56bright NK cell homeostasis","volume":"26","author":"Niehrs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00914-1","article-title":"Prevention, treatment and cure of HIV infection","volume":"21","author":"Landovitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01010-8","article-title":"Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure","volume":"22","author":"Armani-Tourret","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426002653?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426002653?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:19:47Z","timestamp":1786522787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396426002653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S2352396426002653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Single-cell sequencing reveals NK cell dysregulation during chronic HIV infection and identifies transitional NK cell cytotoxicity related to HIV reservoir decay","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106381","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106381"}}