{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1793832687334,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012514","name":"Biomedical Research Network Center of the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:07:47Z","timestamp":1790154467000},"page":"106488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Metabolomic profiling of ultra-processed food consumption and cardiovascular risk in Spanish preschool children: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9 A.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas F.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gavil\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernando J.","family":"Margara-Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1451-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concepci\u00f3n M.","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaura","family":"Leis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1222-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Gheorghita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Miguel-Berges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Navas-Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 V.","family":"Sorl\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iolanda","family":"L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Pastor-Villaescusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3155-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Cobela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Iglesias-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"De Miguel-Etayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Vazquez-Bolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Jurado-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaura","family":"Pic\u00e1ns-Leis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Escribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MJos\u00e9 de la","family":"Torre-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gil-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Salas-Salvad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3527-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Babio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01564-z","article-title":"Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study","volume":"21","author":"Chia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.11.013","article-title":"Unhealthy food and beverage consumption during childhood and risk of cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies","volume":"153","author":"Markey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.11.012","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease burden attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"32","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae136","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality attributable to dietary risk factors in 54 countries in the WHO European Region from 1990 to 2019: an updated systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"32","author":"P\u00f6rschmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13126","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them","volume":"22","author":"Monteiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence","volume":"406","author":"Monteiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898002200132X","article-title":"Individual and family predictors of ultra-processed food consumption in Spanish children: the SENDO project","volume":"26","author":"Garc\u00eda-Blanco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422423000240","article-title":"Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples","volume":"37","author":"Dicken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102484","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137460","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella study of meta-analyses","volume":"434","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1306310","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.04.016","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of observational evidence","volume":"43","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11852","article-title":"Ultraprocessed food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in children","volume":"7","author":"Khoury","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad095","article-title":"The impact of ultra-processed foods on obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"Petridi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01329-0","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents: results from ERICA","volume":"77","author":"Madalosso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13387","article-title":"Ultraprocessed food consumption and dietary nutrient profiles associated with obesity: a multicountry study of children and adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Neri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11100709","article-title":"Metabolomics meets nutritional epidemiology: harnessing the potential in metabolomics data","volume":"11","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201701064","article-title":"Metabolomics-Based dietary biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology\u2014current status and future opportunities","volume":"63","author":"Brennan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2023-221245","article-title":"Association of childhood food consumption and dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolomics in late adolescence: prospective evidence from \u2018Children of 1997\u2019 birth cohort","volume":"78","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"18","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21972","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human participants","volume":"333","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.08.024","article-title":"Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors","volume":"252","author":"Garcidue\u00f1as-Fimbres","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05220-9","article-title":"Reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food and beverage frequency questionnaire for Spanish children aged 3 to 11 years: the COME-Kids F&B-FQ","volume":"182","author":"Babio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib26","series-title":"e-Diet Base: a comprehensive platform for creating diets, food composition tables for specific groups, analysing food intake, monitoring the evolution of nutritional treatment","author":"Babio","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36231-7","article-title":"Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK Biobank","volume":"14","author":"Julkunen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-01949-y","article-title":"Quality control and removal of technical variation of NMR metabolic biomarker data in \u223c120,000 UK Biobank participants","volume":"10","author":"Ritchie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05389-z","article-title":"Adherence to a healthy lifestyle behavior composite score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children from the CORALS cohort","volume":"183","author":"Garcidue\u00f1as-Fimbres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-023-00754-z","article-title":"Prospective association between an obesogenic dietary pattern in early adolescence and metabolomics derived and traditional cardiometabolic risk scores in adolescents and young adults from the ALSPAC cohort","volume":"20","author":"Solsona","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib32","first-page":"538","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in children and adolescents: population-based reference values and comparisons to children and adolescents enrolled in obesity treatment","volume":"20","author":"Frithioff-B\u00f8js\u00f8e","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2107C","article-title":"Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report","volume":"128","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"140","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.130","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in young children: definitions and results of the IDEFICS study","volume":"38","author":"Ahrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02652-7","article-title":"Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort","volume":"61","author":"Buckland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366","article-title":"Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses","volume":"124","author":"Willett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr597","article-title":"MissForest\u2014non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data","volume":"28","author":"Stekhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-19120-0","article-title":"Missing value imputation approach for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.19610030410","article-title":"Blom, Gunnar: statistical estimates and transformed beta-variables","volume":"3","author":"Ludwig","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biom Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-142","article-title":"Centering, scaling, and transformations: improving the biological information content of metabolomics data","volume":"7","author":"van den Berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1159\/000369981","article-title":"A continuous metabolic syndrome score is associated with specific biomarkers of inflammation and CVD risk in prepubertal children","volume":"66","author":"Olza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab551","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies\u2014a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society","volume":"42","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002299","article-title":"Lipid exchange mechanism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein clarified by atomistic and coarse-grained simulations","volume":"8","author":"Koivuniemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101238","article-title":"Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Heeren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2307","article-title":"Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0895","article-title":"Branched-Chain and aromatic amino acids are predictors of insulin resistance in young adults","volume":"36","author":"W\u00fcrtz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4057","article-title":"A branched-chain amino acid metabolite drives vascular fatty acid transport and causes insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.024","article-title":"Interplay between lipids and branched-chain amino acids in development of insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Newgard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101261","article-title":"Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: a two-way street","volume":"52","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2839-7","article-title":"Histidine supplementation improves insulin resistance through suppressed inflammation in obese women with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.09.002","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of ultra-processed food consumption and their role in obesity risk in British children","volume":"41","author":"Handakas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.06.003","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of an ultraprocessed dietary pattern in a domiciled randomized controlled crossover feeding trial","volume":"153","author":"O'Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-025-01077-w","article-title":"Association of ultra-processed food-related metabolites with selected biochemical markers in the UK Biobank","volume":"24","author":"Kityo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-024-00596-y","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and childhood obesity: current evidence and perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Vallianou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57931-w","article-title":"The effect of high carbohydrate-to-fat intake ratios on Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia risk and HDL-cholesterol levels over a 12-year follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03556-z","article-title":"The consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with adiposity, but not with metabolic indicators in a prospective cohort study of Chilean preschool children","volume":"22","author":"Zancheta","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precon.2005.02.010","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in children and young adults: an overview of the World Health Organization and International Society and Federation of Cardiology study on Pathobiological Determinants of atherosclerosis in youth study (1985\u20131995)","volume":"1","author":"Mendis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/pdp.21.2.213.237","article-title":"Natural history and risk factors of atherosclerosis in children and youth: the PDAY study","volume":"21","author":"Zieske","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004560","article-title":"Identification and validation of poly-metabolite scores for diets high in ultra-processed food: an observational study and post-hoc randomized controlled crossover-feeding trial","volume":"22","author":"Abar","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03279-x","article-title":"Lipid profiling identifies modifiable signatures of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01566-1","article-title":"Policies to halt and reverse the rise in ultra-processed food production, marketing, and consumption","volume":"406","author":"Scrinis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["eBioMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426003725?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352396426003725?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:24:06Z","timestamp":1791966246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352396426003725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S2352396426003725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolomic profiling of ultra-processed food consumption and cardiovascular risk in Spanish preschool children: a cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eBioMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106488","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106488"}}