{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:52:51Z","timestamp":1783655571532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T02:53:17Z","timestamp":1750819997000},"page":"100799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Synergistic seizure reduction in patient with persistently elevated N-desmethylclobazam levels, CYP450 genetic polymorphism, and responsive neurostimulator targeting centromedian nuclei of bilateral thalami"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4951-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Zillgitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Burdette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atheel","family":"Yako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revati","family":"Rashingkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Terrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Staudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12399","article-title":"Clobazam: a safe, efficacious, and newly rediscovered therapeutic for epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Gauthier","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1978.tb04492.x","article-title":"Anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy","volume":"19","author":"Chapman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04825.x","article-title":"Antiepileptic properties of clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine, in man","volume":"20","author":"Gastaut","year":"1979","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1313","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics of clobazam","volume":"59","author":"Tolbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00643.x","article-title":"Effects of clobazam and its active metabolite on GABA-activated currents in rat cerebral neurons in culture","volume":"37","author":"Nakamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00819-8","article-title":"Pharmacology of cenobamate: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and tolerability","volume":"35","author":"Roberti","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0035","unstructured":"Xcopri [package insert]. Paramus, NJ: SK Life Science, Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241256733","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies during cenobamate treatment initiation: Delphi panel recommendations","volume":"17","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12956","article-title":"Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of Epidiolex treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"9","author":"Wechsler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11696","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111696","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of drug-resistant epilepsy (Review of literature)","volume":"22","author":"Smolarz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.01.014","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics in epilepsy","volume":"667","author":"Balestrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0979-2322","article-title":"From the origins of pharmacogenetics to first applications in psychiatry","volume":"53","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200212000-00009","article-title":"Evidence of polymorphic CYP2C19 involvement in the human metabolism of N-desmethylcobazam","volume":"24","author":"Contin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.02.010","article-title":"A major influence of CYP2C19 genotype on the steady-state concentration of N-desmethylclobazam","volume":"26","author":"Kosaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.907716","article-title":"Centromedian thalamic neuromodulation for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Zillgitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18070","article-title":"Centromedian region thalamic responsive neurostimulation mitigates idiopathic generalized and multifocal epilepsy with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"65","author":"Nanda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182302056","article-title":"RNS System in Epilepsy Study Group. Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy","volume":"77","author":"Morrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0090","unstructured":"NeuroPace. RNS System NAUTILUS Study (NAUTILUS). (2025, January 20). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05147571."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x","article-title":"Definition f drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission of therapeutic strategies","volume":"51","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.04.003","article-title":"Clinical and electrocorticographic response to antiepileptic drugs in patients treated with responsive stimulation","volume":"83","author":"Skarpaas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03032.x","article-title":"N-desmethylclobazam: a possible alternative to clobazam in the treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Haigh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0115","unstructured":"Basic mechanisms underlying seizures and epilepsy. In: Bromfield EB, Cavazos JE, Sirven JI, eds. An Introduction to Epilepsy. American Epilepsy Society; 2006:chap 1. Accessed March 7, 2022. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK2510\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000803","article-title":"Using generalized polyspike train to predict drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Conrad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589986425000590?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589986425000590?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T06:25:09Z","timestamp":1755671109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589986425000590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S2589986425000590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synergistic seizure reduction in patient with persistently elevated N-desmethylclobazam levels, CYP450 genetic polymorphism, and responsive neurostimulator targeting centromedian nuclei of bilateral thalami","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebr.2025.100799","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100799"}}