{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:15:50Z","timestamp":1760314550340,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinejase.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T10:45:37Z","timestamp":1389696337000},"page":"268-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by General Imaging Three-Dimensional Quantification: Feasibility and Accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wugang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiongwen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weichun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000028933.34260.09","article-title":"Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community","volume":"106","author":"Avierinos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151097.30779.04","article-title":"Heart failure and death after myocardial infarction in the community: the emerging role of mitral regurgitation","volume":"111","author":"Bursi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.87.1.79","article-title":"Timing of mitral valve surgery","volume":"87","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041451","article-title":"Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation","volume":"352","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.599175","article-title":"Outcome of watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation","volume":"113","author":"Rosenhek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(03)00335-3","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography","volume":"16","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq031","article-title":"European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation, part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native disease)","volume":"11","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00434-R","article-title":"Effective mitral regurgitant orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"25","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.07.006","article-title":"Quantification of functional mitral regurgitation by real time 3D echocardiography: comparison with 3D velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"2","author":"Marsan","year":"2009","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.110.947176","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: comparison between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"3","author":"Shanks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.08.048","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiography for the preoperative assessment of patients with left ventricular aneurysm","volume":"91","author":"Marsan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.795781","article-title":"Is it time to update the definition of functional mitral regurgitation?: structural changes in the mitral leaflets with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"118","author":"Gillam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)90059-6","article-title":"Reconsideration of echocardiographic standards for mitral valve prolapse: lack association between leaflet displacement isolated to the four chamber view and independent echocardiographic evidence of abnormality","volume":"11","author":"Levine","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.05.021","article-title":"Direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography in mitral regurgitation: a validation study","volume":"25","author":"de Agust\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.110.961649","article-title":"Diagnostic value of vena contracta area in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by color Doppler 3D-echocardiography","volume":"4","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.07.013","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: how best to do it","volume":"5","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90248-Y","article-title":"Color flow imaging compared with quantitative Doppler assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation: influence of eccentricity of jet and mechanism of regurgitation","volume":"21","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.121590","article-title":"Quantitation of mitral regurgitation","volume":"126","author":"Grayburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.333","article-title":"Influence of the Coanda effect on color Doppler jet area and color encoding. In\u00a0vitro studies using color Doppler flow mapping","volume":"85","author":"Chao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00009-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of color Doppler flow convergence regions and regurgitant jets: an in\u00a0vitro quantitative study","volume":"27","author":"Shiota","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.247","article-title":"Quantification of jet flow by momentum analysis: an in\u00a0vitro color Doppler flow study","volume":"81","author":"Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.2.712","article-title":"Impact of impinging wall jet on color Doppler quantification of mitral regurgitation","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.01.032","article-title":"Real-time 3-dimensional color Doppler flow of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: feasibility and initial quantitative comparison with 2-dimensional methods","volume":"20","author":"Sugeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.3.589","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction of the mitral valve, with implications for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse","volume":"80","author":"Levine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.10.011","article-title":"Geometric errors of the pulsed-wave Doppler flow method in quantifying degenerative mitral valve regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiography study","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.4.1481","article-title":"A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow convergence proximal to regurgitant orifice","volume":"84","author":"Bargiggia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.09.002","article-title":"Geometry of the proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation by 3 dimensional color Doppler echocardiography: difference between functional mitral regurgitation and prolapse regurgitation","volume":"155","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.02.003","article-title":"Direct assessment of size and shape of noncircular vena contracta area in functional versus organic mitral regurgitation using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"21","author":"Kahlert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.09.004","article-title":"Determination of regurgitant orifice area with the use of a new three-dimensional flow convergence geometric assumption in functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"21","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2169","article-title":"Quantification of mitral regurgitation by the proximal convergence method using transesophageal echocardiography: clinical validation of a geometric correction for proximal flow constraint","volume":"92","author":"Pu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.006","article-title":"Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption","volume":"20","author":"Yosefy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.12.065","article-title":"Comparison of orifice area by transthoracic three-dimensional Doppler echocardiography versus proximal isovelocity surface area method for assessment of mitral regurgitation","volume":"97","author":"Iwakura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80296-3","article-title":"Dynamic three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of intracardiac blood flow jets","volume":"76","author":"Delabays","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(99)70133-1","article-title":"Three-dimensional color Doppler: a new approach for quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitant jets","volume":"12","author":"De Simone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8175.2003.03024.x","article-title":"Dynamic three-dimensional color flow Doppler: an improved technique for the assessment of mitral regurgitation","volume":"20","author":"Sugeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.028","article-title":"Effect of dynamic flow rate and orifice area on mitral regurgitant stroke volume quantification using the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"52","author":"Buck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.048","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: validation of new methods","volume":"16","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731713008997?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731713008997?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:53:25Z","timestamp":1760244805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894731713008997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0894731713008997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-7317"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0894-7317"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by General Imaging Three-Dimensional Quantification: Feasibility and Accuracy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2013.11.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society of Echocardiography. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}