{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:19:07Z","timestamp":1790018347885,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","onlinejase.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T04:51:22Z","timestamp":1493787082000},"page":"511-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Quantification of Multiple Mitral Regurgitant Jets: An In\u00a0Vitro Validation Study Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Methods"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Z\u00fcrcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7739-2549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Brugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3931-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silje Ekroll","family":"Jahren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano Fausto","family":"de Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Seiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041451","article-title":"Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation","volume":"352","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60692-9","article-title":"Mitral regurgitation","volume":"373","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs455","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Vahanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000029","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Nishimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet105","article-title":"Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.07.013","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: how best to do it","volume":"5","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00434-R","article-title":"Effective mitral regurgitant orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"25","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.09.029","article-title":"Reproducibility of proximal isovelocity surface area, vena contracta, and regurgitant jet area for assessment of mitral regurgitation severity","volume":"3","author":"Biner","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.10.016","article-title":"Defining \u201csevere\u201d secondary mitral regurgitation: emphasizing an integrated approach","volume":"64","author":"Grayburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2003.37","article-title":"Real-time three-dimensional color Doppler evaluation of the flow convergence zone for quantification of mitral regurgitation: validation experimental animal study and initial clinical experience","volume":"16","author":"Sitges","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.006","article-title":"Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption","volume":"20","author":"Yosefy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2008.12.008","article-title":"Assessment of proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) shape using three-dimensional echocardiography in a paediatric population with mitral regurgitation or ventricular shunt","volume":"102","author":"Ziani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.08.020","article-title":"Understanding the asymmetrical vena contracta area: the difficult relationship between 2D and 3D measurements","volume":"6","author":"Buck","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.06.011","article-title":"Color Doppler jet area overestimates regurgitant volume when multiple jets are present","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.03.008","article-title":"Direct measurement of multiple vena contracta areas for assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation using 3D TEE","volume":"5","author":"Hyodo","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.05.014","article-title":"Three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of vena contracta area in mitral regurgitation: in\u00a0vitro validation and clinical experience","volume":"1","author":"Little","year":"2008","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.09.004","article-title":"Determination of regurgitant orifice area with the use of a new three-dimensional flow convergence geometric assumption in functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"21","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.05.021","article-title":"Direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography in mitral regurgitation: a validation study","volume":"25","author":"de Agustin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.01.550","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying mitral regurgitation","volume":"115","author":"Brugger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90432-4","article-title":"Effective regurgitant orifice area: a noninvasive Doppler development of an old hemodynamic concept","volume":"23","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3409","article-title":"Grading of mitral regurgitation by quantitative Doppler echocardiography: calibration by left ventricular angiography in routine clinical practice","volume":"96","author":"Dujardin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(03)00335-3","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography","volume":"16","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.12.079","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro validation of real-time three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation","volume":"99","author":"Little","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.980383","volume":"6","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001457","article-title":"Differential effect of 3-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for the quantification of mitral regurgitation according to the severity and characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00222-9","article-title":"True shape and area of proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) when flow convergence is hemispherical in valvular regurgitation","volume":"73","author":"Francis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)92620-4","article-title":"Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques","volume":"12","author":"Yoganathan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.028","article-title":"Effect of dynamic flow rate and orifice area on mitral regurgitant stroke volume quantification using the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"52","author":"Buck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009355","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation","volume":"364","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.06.005","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089473171630760X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089473171630760X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T01:26:01Z","timestamp":1535851561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089473171630760X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S089473171630760X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.06.005","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0894-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-7317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantification of Multiple Mitral Regurgitant Jets: An In\u00a0Vitro Validation Study Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Methods","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"2017 by the American Society of Echocardiography.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}