{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:17:52Z","timestamp":1790018272325,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinejase.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T05:18:05Z","timestamp":1589519885000},"page":"838-847.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In\u00a0Vitro Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation of Complex Geometry by the Modified Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Papolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9rome","family":"Adda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Rique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Rieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","article-title":"Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Nkomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.07.013","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: how best to do it","volume":"5","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000503","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Nishimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx391","article-title":"2017 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"38","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.07.021","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes assessment of the MitraClip in patients with heart failure and secondary mitral regurgitation: design and rationale of the COAPT trial","volume":"205","author":"Mack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805374","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"379","author":"Obadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00434-R","article-title":"Effective mitral regurgitant orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"25","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90844-Q","article-title":"Calculation of volume flow rate by the proximal isovelocity surface area method: simplified approach using color Doppler zero baseline shift","volume":"22","author":"Utsunomiya","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.06.011","article-title":"Color Doppler jet area overestimates regurgitant volume when multiple jets are present","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.12.012","article-title":"Quantification of multiple mitral regurgitant jets: an in\u00a0vitro validation study comparing two- and three-dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area methods","volume":"30","author":"Z\u00fcrcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.03.008","article-title":"Direct measurement of multiple vena contracta areas for assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation using 3D TEE","volume":"5","author":"Hyodo","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.12.065","article-title":"Comparison of orifice area by transthoracic three-dimensional Doppler echocardiography versus proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for assessment of mitral regurgitation","volume":"97","author":"Iwakura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4250\/jcu.2018.26.1.33","article-title":"Impact of a geometric correction for proximal flow constraint on the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity using the proximal flow convergence method","volume":"26","author":"Jang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00509-9","article-title":"Impact of wall constraint on velocity distribution in proximal flow convergence zone. Implications for color Doppler quantification of mitral regurgitation","volume":"27","author":"Pu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)80025-9","article-title":"Hemisphere versus hemiellipse: when is each most accurate for proximal isovelocity calculation of regurgitant flows","volume":"31","author":"Buck","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.09.004","article-title":"Determination of regurgitant orifice area with the use of a new three-dimensional flow convergence geometric assumption in functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"21","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-009-0771-x","article-title":"Assessment of left heart and pulmonary circulation flow dynamics by a new pulsed mock circulatory system","volume":"48","author":"Tann\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experi Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.117277","article-title":"The double-orifice technique in mitral valve repair: a simple solution for complex problems","volume":"122","author":"Alfieri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib19","series-title":"Elliptic Functions and Applications","author":"Lawden","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","article-title":"Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation","volume":"30","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet105","article-title":"Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.11.006","article-title":"Proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"12","author":"Grayburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.09.002","article-title":"Geometry of the proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation by 3-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography: difference between functional mitral regurgitation and prolapse regurgitation","volume":"155","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.006","article-title":"Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption","volume":"20","author":"Yosefy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.110.961649","article-title":"Diagnostic value of vena contracta area in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by color Doppler 3D echocardiography","volume":"4","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.05.009","article-title":"Three-dimensional field optimization method: gold-standard validation of a novel color Doppler method for quantifying mitral regurgitation","volume":"29","author":"Pierce","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.13.1759","article-title":"Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment","volume":"103","author":"Grigioni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.01.550","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying mitral regurgitation","volume":"115","author":"Brugger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600520103","article-title":"Optimal vortex formation as an index of cardiac health","volume":"103","author":"Gharib","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731720301425?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731720301425?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1760245613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894731720301425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0894731720301425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-7317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In\u00a0Vitro Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation of Complex Geometry by the Modified Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2020.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Society of Echocardiography.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}