{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:56:31Z","timestamp":1784937391121,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinejase.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T02:24:34Z","timestamp":1657592674000},"page":"1214-1225.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Unsupervised Machine Learning for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Risk Stratification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6155-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Ju","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Lopez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garvan C.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Pellikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"29","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.022","article-title":"Reliability of updated left ventricular diastolic function recommendations in predicting elevated left ventricular filling pressure and prognosis","volume":"189","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.015","article-title":"Comparing the influence of 2009 versus 2016 ASE\/EACVI diastolic function guidelines on the prevalence and echocardiographic characteristics of preclinical diastolic dysfunction (stage B heart failure) in a Hispanic population with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex252","article-title":"Impact of the 2016 ASE\/EACVI recommendations on the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in the general population","volume":"19","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.058","article-title":"Estimating left ventricular filling pressure by echocardiography","volume":"69","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww214","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of diastolic dysfunction according to different classification criteria: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young in Adults study","volume":"185","author":"Rasmussen-Torvik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041886","article-title":"Research priorities for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"141","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010637","article-title":"Phenomapping for novel classification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"131","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2014.04.008","article-title":"Phenotypic spectrum of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.05.011","article-title":"Machine learning in cardiac imaging: exploring the art of cluster analysis","volume":"34","author":"Namasivayam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.04.010","article-title":"Deep-learning models for the echocardiographic assessment of diastolic dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13344","article-title":"Clinical phenogroups are more effective than left ventricular ejection fraction categories in stratifying heart failure outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Gevaert","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2020.03.012","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a clustering approach to a heterogenous syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Schrub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315481","article-title":"Identification of novel pheno-groups in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using machine learning","volume":"106","author":"Hedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1621","article-title":"Phenomapping of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using machine learning-based unsupervised cluster analysis","volume":"22","author":"Segar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1619","article-title":"Pre- and post-operative diastolic dysfunction in patients with valvular heart disease diagnosis and therapeutic implications","volume":"62","author":"Zaid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","article-title":"Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance","volume":"30","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.029","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE\/ASE recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"22","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.023","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography","volume":"22","author":"Nagueh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.05.020","article-title":"Principal morphomic and functional components of secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"14","author":"Bartko","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib22","first-page":"226","article-title":"Research on k-value selection method of k-means clustering algorithm","volume":"2","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multidisc Sci J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib23","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib24","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib25","series-title":"IEEE XVIIth International Conference on the Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design (MEMSTECH)","first-page":"102","article-title":"Model explainability using SHAP values for LightGBM predictions","author":"Bugaj","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731","article-title":"Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"370","author":"Pitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.10.012","article-title":"Precision phenotyping in heart failure and pattern clustering of ultrasound data for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.12.018","article-title":"Interpatient similarities in cardiac function a platform for personalized cardiovascular medicine","volume":"13","author":"Tokodi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa253","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in 436 360 men and women: the National Echo Database Australia (NEDA)","volume":"22","author":"Playford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa415","article-title":"Determinants of left atrial reservoir and pump strain and use of atrial strain for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-018-1425-y","article-title":"Peak left atrial strain as a single measure for the non-invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressures","volume":"35","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0682","article-title":"Left atrial volume index predictive of mortality independent of left ventricular geometry in a large clinical cohort with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"86","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02373-2","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women","volume":"40","author":"Tsang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2064","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial","volume":"22","author":"Anker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib35","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib36","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib37","author":"Kumar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013_bib38","author":"Janzing"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731722003455?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894731722003455?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T05:09:58Z","timestamp":1760245798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894731722003455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0894731722003455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-7317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unsupervised Machine Learning for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Risk Stratification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"2022 by the American Society of Echocardiography.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}