{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:40:09Z","timestamp":1792291209840,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T23:41:04Z","timestamp":1378338064000},"page":"593-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Effects of Alcohol on the Endocrine System"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Rachdaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak K.","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.004","article-title":"The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991-1992 and 2001-2002","volume":"74","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-006-0015-1","article-title":"The genetics of alcohol dependence","volume":"8","author":"Dick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02203.x","article-title":"Genetic approaches to addiction: genes and alcohol","volume":"103","author":"Ducci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.12.005","article-title":"Relations among stress, coping strategies, coping motives, alcohol consumption and related problems: a mediated moderation model","volume":"38","author":"Corbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/09652149640248","article-title":"Alcohol policy and the public good: a good public debate","volume":"91","author":"Edwards","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009303","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality","volume":"146","author":"Rehm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911183412101","article-title":"Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among U.S. male physicians","volume":"341","author":"Berger","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib8","first-page":"111","article-title":"Nonalcoholic compounds of wine: the phytoestrogen resveratrol and moderate red wine consumption during menopause","volume":"25","author":"Calabrese","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib9","first-page":"53","article-title":"The endocrine system: alcohol alters critical hormonal balance","volume":"21","author":"Emanuele","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib10","series-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of psychoneuroimmunology","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib11","series-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of psychoneuroimmunology","article-title":"Stress and neuroendocrine-immune interaction: a therapeutic role for \u00e2-endorphin","author":"Wynne","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00301-0","article-title":"Acute alcohol administration stimulates the activity of hypothalamic neurons that express corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin","volume":"726","author":"Rivier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21776-1","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat: role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)","volume":"229","author":"Rivier","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01082-7","article-title":"Role of arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor in mediating alcohol-induced adrenocorticotropin and vasopressin secretion in male rats bearing lesions of the paraventricular nuclei","volume":"744","author":"Ogilvie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5608.804","article-title":"Adrenocortical response to ethanol in man","volume":"2","author":"Jenkins","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.013","article-title":"Alcohol use, urinary cortisol, and heart rate variability in apparently healthy men: evidence for impaired inhibitory control of the HPA axis in heavy drinkers","volume":"59","author":"Thayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06455.x","article-title":"Alcohol self-administration acutely stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but alcohol dependence leads to a dampened neuroendocrine state","volume":"28","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib18","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 1. Long-term changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"24","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01492-3","article-title":"The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in drug addiction","volume":"53","author":"Sarnyai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1248-2","article-title":"A\u00a0role for corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in ethanol consumption, sensitivity, and reward as revealed by CRF-deficient mice","volume":"165","author":"Olive","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902863106","article-title":"Functional CRH variation increases stress-induced alcohol consumption in primates","volume":"106","author":"Barr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069836","article-title":"Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors","volume":"296","author":"Sillaber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35324-8","article-title":"Novel uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist MRZ 2\/579 suppresses ethanol intake in long-term ethanol-experienced rats and generalizes to ethanol cue in drug discrimination procedure","volume":"292","author":"Holter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.03.038","article-title":"Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction","volume":"1293","author":"Koob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.52","article-title":"Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation","volume":"278","author":"Koob","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00167-0","article-title":"Excessive ethanol drinking following a history of dependence: animal model of allostasis","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90643-P","article-title":"The effect of Hoe-427 (an ACTH4-9 analog) on free-choice ethanol consumption in male and female rats","volume":"49","author":"Krishnan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.2.139","article-title":"Effect of adrenalectomy and exposure to corticosterone on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-avoiding rat lines","volume":"35","author":"Fahlke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.851","article-title":"Effect of local intracerebral corticosterone implants on alcohol intake in the rat","volume":"34","author":"Fahlke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.008","article-title":"Opioids and alcoholism","volume":"81","author":"Oswald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44668.x","article-title":"Neurotransmitter regulation of the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neuron","volume":"771","author":"Calogero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib32","first-page":"304","article-title":"Influence of the endogenous opioid system on high alcohol consumption and genetic predisposition to alcoholism","volume":"26","author":"Gianoulakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04276.x","article-title":"Adrenocortical responses and family history of alcoholism","volume":"23","author":"Wand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790200061008","article-title":"Subjective responses to alcohol in sons of alcoholics and control subjects","volume":"41","author":"Schuckit","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90481-2","article-title":"Mapping and computer assisted morphometry and microdensitometry of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactive neurons and glial cells in the rat central nervous system","volume":"62","author":"Cintra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90208-9","article-title":"Metyrapone-induced suppression of corticosterone synthesis reduces ethanol consumption in high-preferring rats","volume":"48","author":"Fahlke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/264461a0","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge in pro-oestrous rats","volume":"264","author":"Sarkar","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib38","unstructured":"Prendergast K, Heras-Herzig A, Dalkin A. GNRH-gonadotrophins physiology and pathology. 2008. Available at: Endotext.com."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib39","first-page":"E31","article-title":"Estrogens maintain bone mass by regulating expression of genes controlling function and life span in mature osteoclasts","volume":"1173","author":"Imai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2012.669530","article-title":"Progesterone and bone: a closer link than previously realized","volume":"15","author":"Seifert-Klauss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06360.x","article-title":"A\u00a0crosstalk between bone and gonads","volume":"1260","author":"Oury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2702-y","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, case-control study on the lipid profile and the cardiovascular risk of menopausal women on oestrogen plus progestogen therapy in a northern Italy province","author":"Patrelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901365","article-title":"Male hypogonadism. Part II: etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Seftel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.01.008","article-title":"Testosterone levels in healthy men are related to amygdala reactivity and memory performance","volume":"37","author":"Ackermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0830339","article-title":"Mechanism of the first spontaneous gonadotrophin surge and that induced by pregnant mare serum and effects of neonatal androgen in rats","volume":"83","author":"Sarkar","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib46","first-page":"15","article-title":"The neurobiology of female puberty","volume":"60","author":"Ojeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000262527","article-title":"New concepts on the control of the onset of puberty","volume":"17","author":"Ojeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib48","first-page":"111","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of the onset of puberty in primates","volume":"22","author":"Terasawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib49","first-page":"505","article-title":"Effects on pubertal hormones by ethanol abuse in adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Block","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0070(86)80091-2","article-title":"Effects of drug and alcohol abuse upon pituitary-testicular function in adolescent males","volume":"7","author":"Diamond","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092020210","article-title":"Ethanol-induced alterations in the morphology and function of the rat ovary","volume":"202","author":"Bo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:18:3:247","article-title":"EtOH disrupts female mammalian puberty: age and opiate dependence","volume":"18","author":"Emanuele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1404","article-title":"Ethanol inhibits luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release from the median eminence of prepubertal female rats in\u00a0vitro: investigation of its actions on norepinephrine and prostaglandin-E2","volume":"128","author":"Hiney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000125317","article-title":"Effects of ethanol during the onset of female puberty","volume":"51","author":"Dees","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01041.x","article-title":"Actions and interactions of alcohol and insulin-like growth factor-1 on female pubertal development","volume":"33","author":"Dees","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.4.7413","article-title":"Alcohol ingestion inhibits the increased secretion of puberty-related hormones in the developing female rhesus monkey","volume":"141","author":"Dees","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.182","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on intraovarian nitric oxide synthase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the prepubertal female rhesus monkey","volume":"68","author":"Srivastava","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000184763","article-title":"Sex steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1: neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty","volume":"45","author":"Mauras","year":"1996","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01111-9","article-title":"Ethanol blocks the central action of IGF-1 to induce luteinizing hormone secretion in the prepubertal female rat","volume":"62","author":"Hiney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7157.505","article-title":"Does moderate alcohol consumption affect fertility? Follow up study among couples planning first pregnancy","volume":"317","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212838","article-title":"Acute alcohol effects on plasma estradiol levels in women","volume":"94","author":"Mendelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22655-6","article-title":"Chronic alcohol effects on anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones in healthy women","volume":"245","author":"Mendelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib63","first-page":"189","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and total estradiol in premenopausal women","volume":"7","author":"Muti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02312.x","article-title":"Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on female rat reproductive cyclicity and hormone secretion","volume":"25","author":"Emanuele","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.01992.x","article-title":"Alcohol intake induces diminished ovarian reserve in childbearing age women","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709345937","article-title":"Metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress could play a role in the ovarian tissue cell injury promoted by alcohol drinking","volume":"25","author":"Faut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib67","first-page":"185","article-title":"Alcohol, hormones, and postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Longnecker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.04.025","article-title":"Effect of chronic alcoholism on male fertility hormones and semen quality","volume":"84","author":"Muthusami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(95)02006-3","article-title":"Alcoholic hypogonadism: hormonal response to clomiphene","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Riera","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00124-5","article-title":"Can alcohol promote aromatization of androgens to estrogens? A review","volume":"22","author":"Purohit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.7886","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I, liver function, and hypogonadism in rats with experimentally induced cirrhosis","volume":"31","author":"Castilla-Cortazar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.05.004","article-title":"Regulation of testicular function in the stallion: an intricate network of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine systems","volume":"107","author":"Roser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.03.004","article-title":"Ethanol-induced alterations in Rab proteins: possible implications for pituitary dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.03.005","article-title":"Exposure to ethanol induces oxidative damage in the pituitary gland","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1983.tb05425.x","article-title":"Biochemical mechanisms that contribute to alcohol-induced hypogonadism in the male","volume":"7","author":"Chiao","year":"1983","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(85)90265-5","article-title":"Demonstration of a functional blood-testis barrier to acetaldehyde. Evidence for lack of acetaldehyde effect on ethanol-induced depression of testosterone in\u00a0vivo","volume":"34","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L35","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90384-2","article-title":"Nitric oxide control of steroidogenesis: endocrine effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine and comparisons to alcohol","volume":"50","author":"Adams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000318492","article-title":"Hyperprolactinemia following chronic alcohol administration","volume":"38","author":"Sarkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02266.x","article-title":"Pituitary-gonadal hormones and adrenal androgens in non-cirrhotic female alcoholics after cessation of alcohol intake","volume":"20","author":"Valimaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib80","first-page":"49","article-title":"A\u00a0study on hyperprolactinemia in female patients with alcoholics","volume":"26","author":"Seki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arukoru Kenkyuto Yakubutsu Ison"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1992.53.176","article-title":"Hyperprolactinemia and macrocytosis in women with alcohol and polysubstance dependence","volume":"53","author":"Teoh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib82","series-title":"Reproductive neuroendocrinology of aging and drug abuse","first-page":"365","article-title":"Aging and alcohol: the hormonal status of postmenopausal women","author":"Gavaler","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(92)90009-2","article-title":"Effects of acute and repeated alcohol ingestion on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning in normal males","volume":"31","author":"Ida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(91)90009-I","article-title":"Serum prolactin increase induced by ethanol\u2013a dose-dependent effect not related to stress","volume":"16","author":"Soyka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24097-6","article-title":"Alcohol effects on naloxone-stimulated luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin plasma levels in female rhesus monkeys","volume":"245","author":"Mello","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6867739","article-title":"Alcohol self-administration disrupts reproductive function in female macaque monkeys","volume":"221","author":"Mello","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02687.x","article-title":"Ethanol induces hyperprolactinemia by increasing prolactin release and lactotrope growth in female rats","volume":"26","author":"De","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib88","first-page":"643","article-title":"Potentiation of the mitogenic effect of estrogen on the pituitary-gland by alcohol-consumption","volume":"7","author":"De","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1467","article-title":"Minireview: the neural regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis","volume":"153","author":"Costa-e-Sousa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(88)90100-X","article-title":"Independent effects of liver disease and chronic alcoholism on thyroid function and size: the possibility of a toxic effect of alcohol on the thyroid gland","volume":"37","author":"Hegedus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib91","first-page":"661","article-title":"The thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test in alcoholism","volume":"30","author":"Pienaar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib92","first-page":"293","article-title":"Interrelationship of hepatic function, thyroid activity and mood status in alcohol-dependent individuals","volume":"20","author":"Liappas","year":"2006","journal-title":"In\u00a0Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01336.x","article-title":"Chronic alcohol ingestion decreases pituitary-thyroid axis measures in Fischer-344 rats","volume":"12","author":"Mason","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb05277.x","article-title":"Chronic ethanol treatment reduces the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis to central stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Zoeller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00290-5","article-title":"Thyroid hormone metabolism in the rat brain in an animal model of \u2018behavioral dependence\u2019 on ethanol","volume":"227","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0027","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects","volume":"30","author":"Moller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01840.x","article-title":"The pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins and growth hormone, and the biological activity of luteinizing hormone in men acutely intoxicated with ethanol","volume":"14","author":"Valimaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib98","first-page":"557","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on serum concentrations of somatomedin C and the growth hormone (GH) secretion stimulated by the releasing hormone (GHRH)","volume":"1","author":"Valimaki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1983.tb05462.x","article-title":"Acute effects of alcohol on female sex hormones","volume":"7","author":"Valimaki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90588-7","article-title":"Chronic ethanol feeding inhibits plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1","volume":"43","author":"Sonntag","year":"1988","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.6.1359962","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of ethanol on the growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-GH-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in the rat","volume":"131","author":"Soszynski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.1.1351838","article-title":"Interaction of ethanol with signal transduction mechanisms mediating growth hormone release by rat pituitary cells in\u00a0vitro","volume":"131","author":"Soszynski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00530.x","article-title":"Molecular and cellular events in alcohol-induced muscle disease","volume":"31","author":"Fernandez-Sola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03874.x","article-title":"Modulation of the insulin-like growth factor system by chronic alcohol feeding","volume":"22","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"Spec No 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R271","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl207","article-title":"Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"15","author":"Ko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v34.3.12","article-title":"Circadian genes, the stress axis, and alcoholism","volume":"34","author":"Sarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"Spec No","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib107","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Clock genes running amok. Clock genes and their role in drug addiction and depression","volume":"8","author":"Perreau-Lenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02300.x","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption impairs the circadian rhythm of pro-opiomelanocortin and period genes mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of the male rat","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.06.010","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on 24-hour hormonal changes in peripubertal male rats","volume":"34","author":"Jimenez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib110","first-page":"263","article-title":"The role of stress in alcohol use, alcoholism treatment, and relapse","volume":"23","author":"Brady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00473.2009","article-title":"Anticipating anticipation: pursuing identification of cardiomyocyte circadian clock function","volume":"107","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059136","article-title":"Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults","volume":"8","author":"Blomeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.71","article-title":"A\u00a0promoter polymorphism in the Per3 gene is associated with alcohol and stress response","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1163","article-title":"The clock gene Per2 influences the glutamatergic system and modulates alcohol consumption","volume":"11","author":"Spanagel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.06.039","article-title":"Circadian nature of immune function","volume":"349","author":"Logan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102715","article-title":"Chronic shift-lag alters the circadian clock of NK cells and promotes lung cancer growth in rats","volume":"188","author":"Logan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116658","article-title":"Abnormal glucose tolerance and alcohol consumption in three populations at high risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"137","author":"Hodge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.10.2390","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of drinking patterns in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes among men","volume":"50","author":"Conigrave","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.719","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies","volume":"28","author":"Koppes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1369","article-title":"Acute alcohol consumption improves insulin action without affecting insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"27","author":"Avogaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2701-3","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with improved insulin sensitivity, reduced basal insulin secretion rate and lower fasting glucagon concentration in healthy women","volume":"55","author":"Bonnet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.09.007","article-title":"Metabolic effects of alcohol in the form of wine in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Bantle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.18","article-title":"Alcohol intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in men","volume":"23","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib124","first-page":"317","article-title":"The enteroinsular axis and endocrine pancreatic function in chronic alcohol consumers: evidence for early beta-cell hypofunction","volume":"60","author":"Patto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37251","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.142315","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption-induced pancreatic {beta}-cell dysfunction and apoptosis through glucokinase nitration and its down-regulation","volume":"285","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-008-9067-9","article-title":"Effects of ethanol on pancreatic beta-cell death: interaction with glucose and fatty acids","volume":"25","author":"Dembele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706736","article-title":"How corticosteroids control inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005","volume":"148","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.2741\/3537","article-title":"Impact of superantigenic molecules on central nervous system function","volume":"14","author":"Urbach-Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1304","article-title":"Alcohol, inflammation, and gut-liver-brain interactions in tissue damage and disease development","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.030","article-title":"Mechanism of alcohol-induced oxidative stress and neuronal injury","volume":"45","author":"Haorah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47075-5","article-title":"Cyclic AMP and ethanol interact to control apoptosis and differentiation in hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons","volume":"269","author":"De","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn079","article-title":"Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and regeneration in alcoholism","volume":"44","author":"Crews","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03798.x","article-title":"Frontal lobe volume loss observed with magnetic resonance imaging in older chronic alcoholics","volume":"21","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.07.007","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and diffuse white matter atrophy in alcoholics","volume":"116","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.06.004","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure: fetal programming and later life vulnerability to stress, depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"34","author":"Hellemans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1606","article-title":"Alcohol exposure during the developmental period induces beta-endorphin neuronal death and causes alteration in the opioid control of stress axis function","volume":"148","author":"Sarkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01271.x","article-title":"Role of microglia in ethanol's apoptotic action on hypothalamic neuronal cells in primary cultures","volume":"34","author":"Boyadjieva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.090","article-title":"Neurogenesis in adolescent brain is potently inhibited by ethanol","volume":"137","author":"Crews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803590","article-title":"Critical role of TLR4 response in the activation of microglia induced by ethanol","volume":"183","author":"Fernandez-Lizarbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710801010056","article-title":"Alcohol abuse, immunosuppression, and pulmonary infection","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04197.x","article-title":"Ethanol suppression of the functional state of polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from uninfected and simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus macaques","volume":"23","author":"Stoltz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01340.x","article-title":"Reduced IgG Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis in human monocytes isolated from alcoholics","volume":"12","author":"Morland","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.09.005","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells under the influence of alcohol","volume":"30","author":"Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2811","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of granzyme B, perforin, IFN-gamma, and NK cell cytolytic activity in the spleen: effects of chronic ethanol","volume":"172","author":"Arjona","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.42","article-title":"Opioid antagonist naltrexone disrupts feedback interaction between mu and delta opioid receptors in splenocytes to prevent alcohol inhibition of NK cell function","volume":"173","author":"Boyadjieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2715","article-title":"Suppression of innate immunity by acute ethanol administration: a global perspective and a new mechanism beginning with inhibition of signaling through TLR3","volume":"173","author":"Pruett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803206","article-title":"The opposite effects of acute and chronic alcohol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation are linked to IRAK-M in human monocytes","volume":"183","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.09.002","article-title":"Stabilization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in macrophages in response to chronic ethanol exposure","volume":"33","author":"Nagy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000095634.82310.53","article-title":"Alcohol-induced suppression of lung chemokine production and the host defense response to Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"27","author":"Boe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb04303.x","article-title":"Ethanol feeding impairs innate immunity and alters the expression of Th1- and Th2-phenotype cytokines in murine Klebsiella pneumonia","volume":"22","author":"Zisman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3292","article-title":"Regulation of cancer progression by \u03b2-endorphin neuron","volume":"72","author":"Sarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852913000431?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852913000431?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:37:39Z","timestamp":1760175459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852913000431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852913000431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Alcohol on the Endocrine System","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}