{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:14:58Z","timestamp":1788362098678,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T18:00:32Z","timestamp":1376330432000},"page":"947-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Complications of Diabetes Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Corathers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Peavie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","volume":"329","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9131","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7258","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405","article-title":"Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study","volume":"321","author":"Stratton","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802743","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Gerstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-012-9129-7","article-title":"Safety of anti-diabetic therapies on bone","volume":"11","author":"Lecka-Czernik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0666","article-title":"Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report","volume":"33","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0468-0","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Larsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9025","article-title":"Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Nathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2534-0","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"55","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.4158\/endp.19.2.a38267720403k242","article-title":"AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013","volume":"19","author":"Garber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330902","article-title":"Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group","volume":"333","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02941.x","article-title":"Relationship of baseline HbA1c and efficacy of current glucose-lowering therapies: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00009","article-title":"Metformin: an update","volume":"137","author":"Kirpichnikov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib15","first-page":"4059","article-title":"Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"81","author":"Cusi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib16","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Improvement of insulin sensitivity by metformin treatment does not lower blood pressure of nonobese insulin-resistant hypertensive patients with normal glucose tolerance","volume":"81","author":"Dorella","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2063","article-title":"Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Hundal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0141-7","article-title":"Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Natali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021394","article-title":"Metformin rapidly increases insulin receptor activation in human liver and signals preferentially through insulin-receptor substrate-2","volume":"88","author":"Gunton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1937-z","article-title":"Metformin regulates the incretin receptor axis via a pathway dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in mice","volume":"54","author":"Maida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2165\/11534750-000000000-00000","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin","volume":"50","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin","volume":"346","author":"Knowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9702","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61457-4","article-title":"10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study","volume":"374","author":"Knowler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1074","article-title":"Weight beneficial treatments for type 2 diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Meneghini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.405","article-title":"Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes","volume":"303","author":"Phung","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2012.06.002","article-title":"Insulin sensitization therapy and the heart: focus on metformin and thiazolidinediones","volume":"8","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.21.2594","article-title":"Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Salpeter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154542.13412.B1","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure: an observational study","volume":"111","author":"Masoudi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1171","article-title":"Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia: a nested case-control analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bodmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7618","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39314.620174.80","article-title":"Benefits and harms of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and heart failure: systematic review","volume":"335","author":"Eurich","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.19.2070","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of oral diabetes medications: a systematic review","volume":"168","author":"Selvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01349.x","article-title":"Effect of metformin on cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Lamanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2013.02.006","article-title":"Metformin revisited: a critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Scheen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01461.x","volume":"13","author":"Borges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.07.033","article-title":"Metformin prevents anti-osteogenic in\u00a0vivo and ex\u00a0vivo effects of rosiglitazone in rats","volume":"668","author":"Sedlinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1299","article-title":"Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study","volume":"35","author":"Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2013.37.2.125","article-title":"The relationship between metformin and cancer in patients with Type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32834d8155","article-title":"Metformin and cancer therapy","volume":"24","author":"Bost","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-1186","article-title":"Metformin in cancer therapy: a new perspective for an old antidiabetic drug?","volume":"9","author":"Ben Sahra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib40","first-page":"130","article-title":"New perspectives for metformin in cancer therapy","volume":"74","author":"Loubiere","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-9920","article-title":"Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care","volume":"30","author":"Nathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib42","first-page":"967","article-title":"A\u00a0review of thiazolidinediones and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with focus on cardiovascular complications","volume":"3","author":"Molavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041001","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones","volume":"351","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E871","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00551.2006","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones improve beta-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"292","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0246","article-title":"Preservation of beta-cell function: the key to diabetes prevention","volume":"96","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01785.x","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in patients with impaired renal function","volume":"55","author":"Budde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.09.008","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosiglitazone in relation to CYP2C8 genotype","volume":"80","author":"Kirchheiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3159","article-title":"PPARgamma signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future","volume":"19","author":"Ahmadian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-62","article-title":"The role of co-morbidity in the selection of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy in type-2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Tschope","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.691963","article-title":"Thiazolidinedione safety","volume":"11","author":"Kung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1391","article-title":"Determinants of weight gain in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes trial","author":"Fonseca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7280","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib52","first-page":"236","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes. All glitazones may exacerbate heart failure","volume":"322","author":"Benbow","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072761","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes","volume":"356","author":"Nissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib54","first-page":"174","article-title":"After avandia: the use of antidiabetic drugs in patients with heart failure","volume":"39","author":"Khalaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1309","article-title":"Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"342","author":"Loke","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0141","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and heart failure: a teleo-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.10.1180","article-title":"Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"298","author":"Lincoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066224","article-title":"Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy","volume":"355","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2270","article-title":"Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT)","volume":"31","author":"Kahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080486","article-title":"Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Loke","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E675","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.112102","article-title":"Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer among people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Colmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0325-0","article-title":"Monogenic models: what have the single gene disorders taught us?","volume":"12","author":"Klupa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"5209","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7716547","article-title":"Cloning of the beta cell high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor: a regulator of insulin secretion","volume":"268","author":"Aguilar-Bryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.10.1100","article-title":"Therapeutic comparison of metformin and sulfonylurea, alone and in various combinations. A double-blind controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Hermann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2174\/138920009789375388","article-title":"Influence of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of sulfonylurea drugs","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S151","article-title":"Kinetics-effect relations of insulin-releasing drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: brief overview","volume":"53","author":"Melander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9912","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Nathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00580.x","article-title":"Weight changes following the initiation of new anti-hyperglycaemic therapies","volume":"9","author":"Nichols","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70034-7","article-title":"Therapy of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular death, and the UGDP","volume":"138","author":"Feinglos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.1.87","article-title":"UKPDS 28: a randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes. U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group","volume":"21","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-009-0083-9","article-title":"Does choice of antidiabetes therapy influence macrovascular outcomes?","volume":"10","author":"Zarich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.29","article-title":"Oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents prevent ischemic preconditioning in human myocardium. Two paradoxes revisited","volume":"96","author":"Cleveland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0449","article-title":"Impact of type of preadmission sulfonylureas on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"95","author":"Zeller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.6.5.468","article-title":"Chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia: incidence and risk factors","volume":"6","author":"Kadowaki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00252260","article-title":"Roles of chlorpropamide, alcohol and acetaldehyde in determining the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush","volume":"26","author":"Groop","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200017050-00007","article-title":"Meglitinide analogues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Landgraf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.6.8.1041","article-title":"New non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues","volume":"6","author":"Dunning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/00912709922007606","article-title":"The effect of food on the oral bioavailability and the pharmacodynamic actions of the insulinotropic agent nateglinide in healthy subjects","volume":"39","author":"Karara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.3.463","article-title":"A\u00a01-year multicenter randomized double-blind comparison of repaglinide and glyburide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dutch and German Repaglinide Study Group","volume":"22","author":"Wolffenbuttel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.6.983","article-title":"Importance of early insulin secretion: comparison of nateglinide and glyburide in previously diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Hollander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.119","article-title":"Effect of repaglinide addition to metformin monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Moses","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib82","article-title":"Meglitinide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2174\/157339908786241133","article-title":"The effects of medications used for the management of diabetes and obesity on postprandial lipid metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Eleftheriadou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1185\/030079903125003881","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of initial combination therapy with nateglinide and metformin in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Horton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.11.1660","article-title":"Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Horton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.154","article-title":"Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"van de Laar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00004","article-title":"The efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A multicenter controlled clinical trial","volume":"121","author":"Chiasson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1159\/000201282","article-title":"Voglibose (AO-128) is an efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and mobilizes the endogenous GLP-1 reserve","volume":"56","author":"Goke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S28340","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the role of acarbose in the treatment of diabetes: patient considerations","volume":"5","author":"Rosak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2010.07.015","volume":"32","author":"Koyasu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.012","article-title":"Efficacy and safety profile evaluation of acarbose alone and in association with other antidiabetic drugs: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Derosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.486","article-title":"Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial","volume":"290","author":"Chiasson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7143","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)amide is transformed to glucagon-like peptide-1-(9-36)amide by dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the capillaries supplying the L cells of the porcine intestine","volume":"140","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.7.8770921","article-title":"Tissue distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor","volume":"137","author":"Bullock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2003.11.001","article-title":"Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells","volume":"110","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.059741","article-title":"Endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 controls endocrine pancreatic secretion and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in humans","volume":"55","author":"Schirra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0605","article-title":"Regulation of islet hormone release and gastric emptying by endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 after glucose ingestion","volume":"93","author":"Salehi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib98","first-page":"E981","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans","volume":"273","author":"Nauck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01316798","article-title":"Truncated GLP-1 (proglucagon 78-107-amide) inhibits gastric and pancreatic functions in man","volume":"38","author":"Wettergren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030049","article-title":"Normalization of glucose concentrations and deceleration of gastric emptying after solid meals during intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Meier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI990","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans","volume":"101","author":"Flint","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E701","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00024.2003","article-title":"Suppression of glucose production by GLP-1 independent of islet hormones: a novel extrapancreatic effect","volume":"285","author":"Prigeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1790","article-title":"Antidiabetic actions of endogenous and exogenous GLP-1 in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function","volume":"60","author":"Kielgast","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.6.580","article-title":"Glucagonostatic actions and reduction of fasting hyperglycemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide I(7-36) amide in type I diabetic patients","volume":"19","author":"Creutzfeldt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0136","article-title":"Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastrointestinal function, meal appearance, and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Vella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-012-9729-9","article-title":"Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction","volume":"35","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2545","article-title":"Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor","volume":"30","author":"Bergman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.2165\/11591400-000000000-00000","article-title":"Pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: similarities and differences","volume":"71","author":"Baetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.013","article-title":"Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Aroda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0510-2","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study","volume":"50","author":"Nauck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1233","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of once-weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes over 84 weeks","volume":"35","author":"Diamant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9739","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60590-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial","volume":"376","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02265.x","article-title":"Adding liraglutide to oral antidiabetic drug therapy: onset of treatment effects over time","volume":"64","author":"Gallwitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"9724","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60307-8","article-title":"Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial","volume":"375","author":"Pratley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9683","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60659-0","article-title":"Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)","volume":"374","author":"Buse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0703","article-title":"Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Aschner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0706","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone","volume":"29","author":"Charbonnel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8355","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers","volume":"87","author":"Nauck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2628","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30\u00a0weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Buse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1083","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30\u00a0weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea","volume":"28","author":"Kendall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0416-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Raz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1984","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone","volume":"32","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01350.x","article-title":"Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of beta-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Del Prato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1092","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9645","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61206-4","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study","volume":"372","author":"Drucker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018","article-title":"Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies","volume":"141","author":"Elashoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2720","article-title":"Glucagonlike peptide 1-based therapies and risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based matched case-control study","volume":"173","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0482","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide or sitagliptin: a retrospective observational pharmacy claims analysis","volume":"33","author":"Garg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.9.8756532","article-title":"Effects of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide on C cells from rat thyroid and medullary thyroid carcinoma CA-77 cell line","volume":"137","author":"Crespel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2713","article-title":"A\u00a0critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: are the GLP-1 therapies safe?","volume":"36","author":"Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1272","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation","volume":"151","author":"Bjerre Knudsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.2174\/1874104501105010078","article-title":"Amylin analogues in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: medicinal chemistry and structural basis of its function","volume":"5","author":"Adeghate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Med Chem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(05)52005-2","article-title":"Inhibition of food intake","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34790","article-title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Fineman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","article-title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ratner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.784","article-title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Hollander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.6.987","article-title":"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","article-title":"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Singh-Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12054","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin monotherapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise","volume":"15","author":"Stenlof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1863","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"List","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164112441190","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Foote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib142","first-page":"877","article-title":"The potent and highly selective sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor BI 10773 is safe and efficacious as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [abstract]","volume":"53","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9733","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60407-2","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-43","article-title":"Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial","volume":"11","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.21.2005","article-title":"Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","volume":"281","author":"Turner","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199804)15:4<290::AID-DIA570>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study","volume":"15","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0323","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets","volume":"144","author":"Farilla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4397","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220405","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats","volume":"143","author":"Farilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1737","article-title":"A\u00a0diabetes outcome progression trial (ADOPT): an international multicenter study of the comparative efficacy of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Viberti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9833","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60479-6","article-title":"Exenatide twice daily versus glimepiride for prevention of glycaemic deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin failure (EUREXA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Gallwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291300056X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291300056X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:38:36Z","timestamp":1760175516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S088985291300056X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S088985291300056X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Complications of Diabetes Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}