{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:54:39Z","timestamp":1760237679228,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T05:39:55Z","timestamp":1409031595000},"page":"697-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alteration in Pancreatic Islet Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Steen B.","family":"Haugaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12656-6","article-title":"An objective case definition of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected adults: a case\u2013control study","volume":"361","author":"Carr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003","article-title":"A\u00a0syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.12.3474","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin signaling defects downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase at the level of Akt are associated with impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal in HIV lipodystrophy","volume":"54","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12159","article-title":"The natural history of HIV-associated lipodystrophy in the changing scenario of HIV infection","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022698","article-title":"Impact of non-HIV and HIV risk factors on survival in HIV-infected patients on HAART: a population-based nationwide cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Obel","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.11.1663","article-title":"Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta- cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function","volume":"42","author":"Kahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01835","article-title":"Defective glucose and lipid metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with lipodystrophy involve liver, muscle tissue and pancreatic beta-cells","volume":"152","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.08.009","article-title":"In nondiabetic, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with lipodystrophy, hepatic insulin extraction and posthepatic insulin clearance rate are decreased in proportion to insulin resistance","volume":"54","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(96)01755-5","article-title":"ISEC: a program to calculate insulin secretion","volume":"50","author":"Hovorka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050945","article-title":"Measuring pre-hepatic insulin secretion using a population model of C- peptide kinetics: accuracy and required sampling schedule","volume":"41","author":"Hovorka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100639","article-title":"Quantification of beta-cell function during IVGTT in type II and non- diabetic subjects: assessment of insulin secretion by mathematical methods","volume":"44","author":"Kjems","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E677","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00009.2004","article-title":"Insulin secretion in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients is associated with high levels of nonglucose secretagogues and insulin resistance of beta-cells","volume":"287","author":"Haugaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00364.x","article-title":"Glucose-stimulated prehepatic insulin secretion is associated with circulating alanine, triglyceride, glucagon, lactate and TNF-alpha in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Haugaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02223.x","article-title":"Beta-cell dysfunction and low insulin clearance in insulin-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with lipodystrophy","volume":"62","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-3-618","article-title":"Decreased insulin removal contributes to hyperinsulinemia in obesity","volume":"53","author":"Faber","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112758","article-title":"Splanchnic insulin metabolism in obesity. Influence of body fat distribution","volume":"78","author":"Peiris","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-3-608","article-title":"Reduced hepatic insulin extraction in obesity: relationship with plasma insulin levels","volume":"56","author":"Rossell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.3.5542","article-title":"Independent influence of age on basal insulin secretion in nondiabetic humans. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance","volume":"84","author":"Iozzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113338","article-title":"Quantitative study of insulin secretion and clearance in normal and obese subjects","volume":"81","author":"Polonsky","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.41.3.368","article-title":"Estimation of insulin secretion rates from C-peptide levels. Comparison of individual and standard kinetic parameters for C-peptide clearance","volume":"41","author":"Van Cauter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.4.918","article-title":"Mechanisms for the deterioration in glucose tolerance associated with HIV protease inhibitor regimens","volume":"52","author":"Woerle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E712","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E712","article-title":"Physiological hyperinsulinemia impairs insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity and glycogen synthesis","volume":"280","author":"Iozzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E234","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00274.2003","article-title":"Insulin stimulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"286","author":"Krogh-Madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2.3.429","article-title":"Toxic metabolic syndrome associated with HAART","volume":"2","author":"Haugaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1072","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00206.2003","article-title":"Increased expression of TNF-{alpha}, IL-6, and IL-8 in HALS: implications for reduced adiponectin expression and plasma levels","volume":"285","author":"Lihn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08094-7","article-title":"Association between altered expression of adipogenic factor SREBP1 in lipoatrophic adipose tissue from HIV-1-infected patients and abnormal adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance","volume":"359","author":"Bastard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1695","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitors acutely impair glucose-stimulated insulin release","volume":"52","author":"Koster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200106010-00006","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the effect of initiating indinavir-based therapy on insulin sensitivity and B-cell function in HIV-infected patients","volume":"27","author":"Dube","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328333af1c","article-title":"The protease inhibitor combination lopinavir\/ritonavir does not decrease insulin secretion in healthy, HIV-seronegative volunteers","volume":"24","author":"Pao","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.090589","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitors: suppression of insulin secretion by inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ currents and anion currents","volume":"316","author":"Neye","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05620","article-title":"Long-term effects of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on insulin secretion and insulin signaling in INS-1 beta cells","volume":"183","author":"Schutt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E925","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90445.2008","article-title":"Protease inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV+ induce beta-cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and compromise insulin secretion","volume":"296","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20410","article-title":"Depleted skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA, hyperlactatemia, and decreased oxidative capacity in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"77","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200407","article-title":"Some HIV antiretrovirals increase oxidative stress and alter chemokine, cytokine or adiponectin production in human adipocytes and macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Lagathu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2011.542145","article-title":"From old to new nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: changes in body fat composition, metabolic parameters and mitochondrial toxicity after the switch from thymidine analogs to tenofovir or abacavir","volume":"10","author":"Curran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400828","article-title":"Proinsulin processing in the regulated and the constitutive secretory pathway","volume":"37","author":"Halban","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400840","article-title":"The pathogenesis of NIDDM","volume":"37","author":"Hales","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.11.1725","article-title":"Release of incompletely processed proinsulin is the cause of the disproportionate proinsulinemia of NIDDM","volume":"46","author":"Kahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.4.437","article-title":"Measurement of proinsulin and intermediates. Validation of immunoassay methods by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"44","author":"Ostrega","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.2.262","article-title":"Fasting proinsulin concentrations predict the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Wareham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0995-2","article-title":"Proinsulin and acute insulin response independently predict type 2 diabetes mellitus in men\u2014report from 27 years of follow-up study","volume":"46","author":"Zethelius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00276853","article-title":"Increased proinsulin levels as an early indicator of B-cell dysfunction in non-diabetic twins of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"31","author":"Heaton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.7.1082","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoid and growth hormone treatment on proinsulin levels in humans","volume":"42","author":"Kahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296991","article-title":"Disproportionate elevation of immunoreactive proinsulin in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in experimental insulin resistance","volume":"30","author":"Ward","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907090-00001","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, beta cell function and lipid metabolism in HIV patients under treatment with protease inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Behrens","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00024","article-title":"Protease inhibitors do not interfere with prohormone processing","volume":"132","author":"Danoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01640.x","article-title":"Hyperproinsulinaemia in normoglycaemic lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients","volume":"36","author":"Haugaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.02.007","article-title":"Impaired proinsulin secretion before and during oral glucose stimulation in HIV-infected patients who display fat redistribution","volume":"56","author":"Haugaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-5-2418","article-title":"Hypoglycemic potency and metabolic clearance rate of intravenously administered human proinsulin and metabolites","volume":"127","author":"Tillil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1086\/339866","article-title":"Factors related to lipodystrophy and metabolic alterations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"34","author":"Saves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707163170303","article-title":"Short-term metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in healthy adults","volume":"317","author":"Guler","year":"1987","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80717-U","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates glucose transport in human skeletal muscle","volume":"307","author":"Zierath","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.06.025","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 protease, and growth hormone-binding protein in lipodystrophic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"53","author":"Haugaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E296","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00335.2003","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of growth hormone by free fatty acids, somatostatin, and ghrelin in HIV-lipodystrophy","volume":"286","author":"Koutkia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib55","first-page":"504","article-title":"Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy","volume":"86","author":"Rietschel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021162","article-title":"Different growth hormone sensitivity of target tissues and growth hormone response to glucose in HIV-infected patients with and without lipodystrophy","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib57","first-page":"389","article-title":"Growth factors, glucose and insulin kinetics after low dose growth hormone therapy in HIV-lipodystrophy","volume":"52","author":"Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90219-8","article-title":"Free insulin-like growth factors in human obesity","volume":"44","author":"Frystyk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90215-5","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins as glucoregulators","volume":"44","author":"Baxter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.7.4966","article-title":"Differential changes in free and total insulin-like growth factor I after major, elective abdominal surgery: the possible role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 proteolysis","volume":"83","author":"Skjaerbaek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00270.x","article-title":"Enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response to oral glucose in glucose-intolerant HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"6","author":"Andersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib62","first-page":"912","article-title":"Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide infused at near-physiological insulinotropic hormone and glucose concentrations","volume":"76","author":"Nauck","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.12.006","article-title":"Effects of incretin hormones on beta-cell mass and function, body weight, and hepatic and myocardial function","volume":"123","author":"Mudaliar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib64","first-page":"1559","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is a growth factor for beta (INS-1) cells by pleiotropic signaling","volume":"15","author":"Trumper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0021","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment in a patient with HIV and uncontrolled insulin-treated type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Diamant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2011.04.003","article-title":"Exenatide improves weight loss insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function following administration to a type 2 diabetic HIV patient on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"72","author":"Oriot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3532","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition does not adversely affect immune or virological status in HIV infected men and women: a pilot safety study","volume":"98","author":"Goodwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852914000541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852914000541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:38:24Z","timestamp":1760175504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852914000541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852914000541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0889-8529"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alteration in Pancreatic Islet Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}