{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:37:24Z","timestamp":1769423844745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T22:15:53Z","timestamp":1480112153000},"page":"181-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Drug-Related Adverse Events of Osteoporosis Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Moin","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliya A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Osteoporosis in menopause","volume":"36","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"SOGC Clinical Practice Guideline"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199614030-00003","article-title":"Adverse effects of bisphosphonates. A comparative review","volume":"14","author":"Adami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0871-8","article-title":"Comparative gastrointestinal safety of weekly oral bisphosphonates","volume":"20","author":"Cadarette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1796-6","article-title":"A\u00a0reappraisal of generic bisphosphonates in osteoporosis","volume":"23","author":"Kanis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556671","article-title":"The acute phase response after bisphosphonate administration","volume":"41","author":"Adami","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00448-3","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha levels after bisphosphonates treatment in\u00a0vitro and in patients with malignancy","volume":"18","author":"Sauty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400914","article-title":"Gamma\/delta T\u00a0cell stimulation by pamidronate","volume":"340","author":"Kunzmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067312","article-title":"Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"356","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.8.826","article-title":"Use of alendronate and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women","volume":"168","author":"Heckbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1608-z","article-title":"Use of bisphosphonate and risk of atrial fibrillation in older women with osteoporosis","volume":"23","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1546-9","article-title":"Alendronate and atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib12","first-page":"c4444","article-title":"Oral bisphosphonates and risk of cancer of esophagus, stomach, and colorectum: case-control analysis within a UK primary care cohort","volume":"34","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1098","article-title":"Exposure to oral bisphosphonates and risk of esophageal cancer","volume":"304","author":"Cradwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1481","article-title":"Esophageal and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in alendronate users","volume":"27","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701461","article-title":"Bilateral acute uveitis and conjunctivitis after zoledronic acid therapy","volume":"19","author":"Durnian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2006.04.013","article-title":"Serious ocular complications of zoledronate","volume":"18","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.4158\/EP11081.CR","article-title":"Orbital inflammatory disease in a patient treated with zoledronate","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.028","article-title":"The incidence of acute anterior uveitis after intravenous zoledronate","volume":"120","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2872-5","article-title":"Incidence of ocular side effects with intravenous zoledronate: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.190","article-title":"Bisphosphonate use and the risk of subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures in older women","volume":"305","author":"Park-Wyllie","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010650","article-title":"Bisphosphonate use and atypical fractures of the femoral shaft","volume":"364","author":"Schilcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1512-y","article-title":"Risk of femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures among users of bisphosphonates and raloxifene","volume":"22","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001086","article-title":"Bisphosphonate and fractures of the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur","volume":"362","author":"Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.288","article-title":"Oral bisphosphonates and risk of subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur fractures in a population-based cohort","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.09.006","article-title":"Hip and subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femoral fractures in alendronate users: a 10-year, nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwanese women","volume":"33","author":"Hsiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1893","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and risk of subtrochanteric, femoral shaft, and atypical femur fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Gedmintas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2015.1004149","article-title":"Risk of atypical femoral fracture during and after bisphosphonate use","volume":"86","author":"Schilcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3352-5","article-title":"Are race and sex associated with the occurrence of atypical femoral fractures?","volume":"427","author":"Marcano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1719","article-title":"Incidence of atypical nontraumatic diaphyseal fractures of the femur","volume":"27","author":"Dell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2748","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of atypical femoral fractures: clinical and geometrical data","volume":"31","author":"Mahjoub","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.05.019","article-title":"Atypical fractures of the femur and bisphosphonate therapy: a systematic review of case\/case series studies","volume":"47","author":"Giusti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070720","article-title":"Three years of alendronate treatment results in similar levels of vertebral microdamage as after one year of treatment","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib33","series-title":"Osteoporosis and the osteoporosis of rheumatic disease","article-title":"Principles of bone biomechanics","author":"Turner","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9887-y","article-title":"The correlation between lateral bowing angle of the femur and the location of atypical femur fractures","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2014.01.002","article-title":"Atypical femoral fractures: a teaching perspective","volume":"66","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080759","article-title":"Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"36","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0707onj","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","volume":"22","author":"Khosla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib39","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Canadian consensus practice guidelines for bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"35","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib40","unstructured":"Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, et\u00a0al. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw\u20142014 update. 2014."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.031","article-title":"American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw\u20142014 update","volume":"72","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.10.061","article-title":"Nature and frequency of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in Australia","volume":"65","author":"Mavrokokki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs112","article-title":"Incidence of serious side effects with intravenous bisphosphonate: a clinical audit","volume":"105","author":"Powell","year":"2012","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100221","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in Ontario: a survey of oral and maxillofacial surgeons","volume":"38","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib45","first-page":"691","article-title":"Use of oral bisphosphonates and the risk of aseptic osteonecrosis: a nested case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Etminan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3292","article-title":"Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw among users of bisphosphonates with selected cancers or osteoporosis","volume":"21","author":"Tennis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.221","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in Sweden associated with the oral use of bisphosphonate","volume":"72","author":"Ulmner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.04.033","article-title":"Nonexposed variant of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case series","volume":"123","author":"Fedele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0017","article-title":"Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis in the health outcomes and reduced incidence with zoledronic acid once yearly pivotal fracture trial","volume":"139","author":"Grbic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0367-3","article-title":"Zoledronic acid efficacy and safety over five years in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"18","author":"Devogelaer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1479","article-title":"Five years of denosumab exposure in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: results from the first two years of the FREEDOM extension","volume":"27","author":"Papapoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.02.011","article-title":"Bisphosphonates are associated with increased risk for jaw surgery in medical claims data: is it osteonecrosis?","volume":"64","author":"Zavras","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0502-1","article-title":"Lack of association between oral bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis using jaw surgery as a surrogate marker","volume":"19","author":"Pazianas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr435","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of osteonecrosis of the jaw: integrated analysis from three blinded active-controlled phase III trials in cancer patients with bone metastases","volume":"23","author":"Saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0016","article-title":"Bisphosphonate use and the risk of adverse jaw outcomes: a medical claims study of 714,217 people","volume":"139","author":"Cartsos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200507073530120","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates","volume":"353","author":"Durie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.21.9584","article-title":"Longitudinal cohort study of risk factors in cancer patients of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"27","author":"Vahtsevanos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510397196","article-title":"Risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study from the CONDOR dental PBRN","volume":"90","author":"Barasch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3816\/CLM.2008.n.013","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma treated with bisphosphonates: definition and management of the risk related to zoledronic acid","volume":"8","author":"Cafro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06230.x","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma: a single-centre experience in 303 patients","volume":"134","author":"Zervas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080205","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates","volume":"23","author":"Hoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.2465","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in multiple myeloma patients: clinical features and risk factors","volume":"24","author":"Badros","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.11.032","article-title":"Zoledronate, smoking, and obesity are strong risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case-control study","volume":"66","author":"Wessel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.2768","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study of risk factors in breast cancer patients","volume":"26","author":"Kyrgidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.02.016","article-title":"Oral health risk factors for bisphosphonate-associated jaw osteonecrosis","volume":"71","author":"Tsao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm370","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study assessing the incidence, risk factors and comorbidities of pamidronate-related necrosis of the jaws in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"18","author":"Jadu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e3182155fcb","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study evaluating frequency and risk factors of osteonecrosis of the jaw in 576 cancer patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonates","volume":"35","author":"Thumbigere-Math","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0049","article-title":"Microbial biofilms in osteomyelitis of the jaw and osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"140","author":"Sedghizadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.07.011","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a key role of inflammation?","volume":"45","author":"Lesclous","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib70","first-page":"2893","article-title":"Zoledronic acid induces significant and long-lasting modifications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients","volume":"9","author":"Santini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.144","article-title":"Zoledronic acid-related angiogenesis modifications and survival in advanced breast cancer patients","volume":"25","author":"Vincenzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.08.132","article-title":"Worsening of osteonecrosis of the jaw during treatment with sunitinib in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Brunello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib73","first-page":"358","article-title":"Animal models of osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000151371","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw: moving from the bedside to the bench","volume":"189","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib75","first-page":"6538","article-title":"Bisphosphonates inhibit angiogenesis in\u00a0vitro and testosterone-stimulated vascular regrowth in the ventral prostate in castrated rats","volume":"62","author":"Fournier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","article-title":"Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"361","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2015.10.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis: a systematic review","volume":"76","author":"Di\u00e9dhiou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2013.859423","article-title":"Denosumab and atypical femoral fractures","volume":"85","author":"Aspenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib79","article-title":"Evaluation of invasive oral procedures and events in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with denosumab: results from the pivotal phase 3 fracture study extension","volume":"29","author":"Watts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib80","article-title":"Findings from denosumab (Prolia\u00ae) post-marketing safety surveillance for atypical femoral fracture, osteonecrosis of the jaw, severe symptomatic hypocalcemia, and anaphylaxis","volume":"29","author":"Geller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441904","article-title":"Effect of parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"344","author":"Neer","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230252929882","article-title":"Skeletal changes in rats given daily subcutaneous injections\u2014a recombinant human PTH 1-34 for 2 years and relevance to human safety","volume":"30","author":"Vahle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1768","article-title":"2012 The US postmarketing surveillance study of adult osteosarcoma and teriparatide: study design and findings from the first 7 years","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8750","article-title":"Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: four-year results from randomized clinical trial","volume":"87","author":"Delmas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.23.joc60074","article-title":"Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial","volume":"295","author":"Vogel","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062462","article-title":"Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women","volume":"355","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852916301025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852916301025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:41:52Z","timestamp":1760175712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852916301025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852916301025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drug-Related Adverse Events of Osteoporosis Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}