{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:44:46Z","timestamp":1790124286201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014382","name":"IPSEN","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LEXICON"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006220","name":"AAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T12:42:15Z","timestamp":1531572135000},"page":"661-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Problem of Appendiceal Carcinoids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Michail","family":"Galanopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Toumpanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R77","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0418","article-title":"Endocrine tumours: epidemiology of malignant digestive neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"168","author":"Lepage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2011.05.011","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors: a\u00a0population-based study of incidence and survival in Girona province, 1994\u20132004","volume":"35","author":"Alsina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.341","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: trends in incidence in England since 1971","volume":"105","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.12.005","article-title":"The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"40","author":"Lawrence","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23883","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: contrasting Norway and North America","volume":"113","author":"Hauso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib6","first-page":"931","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuroendocrine cancers in an Australian population","volume":"21","author":"Luke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20011015)92:8<2204::AID-CNCR1564>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Incidence trends and risk factors of carcinoid tumors: a nationwide epidemiologic study from Sweden","volume":"92","author":"Hemminki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000443165","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix (excluding goblet cell carcinomas)","volume":"103","author":"Pape","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","article-title":"A\u00a05-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Modlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib10","first-page":"292","article-title":"Trends of incidence and survival of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in the United States: a SEER analysis","volume":"3","author":"Tsikitis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u2018carcinoid\u2019: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23205","article-title":"Varying malignant potential of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors: importance of histologic subtype","volume":"107","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib13","first-page":"56","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children in Auckland, New Zealand: 1965\u20132008","volume":"124","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12047","article-title":"Appendix carcinoids in childhood: long-term experience at a single institution in Western Canada and systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.143.7.664","article-title":"Analysis of 900 appendiceal carcinoid tumors for a proposed predictive staging system","volume":"143","author":"Landry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21888","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the appendix: a population-based study","volume":"104","author":"Mullen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2015.06.010","article-title":"Management and outcomes of appendicular neuroendocrine tumours: retrospective review with 5-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Amr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2953-6","article-title":"Role of staging in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"20","author":"Clift","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0310","article-title":"Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms: diagnosis and management","volume":"23","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.12.002","article-title":"Biochemistry of neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"21","author":"de Herder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000217617.06782.d5","article-title":"Genetic differentiation of appendiceal tumor malignancy: a guide for the perplexed","volume":"244","author":"Modlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000343801","article-title":"Current size criteria for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix: are they valid? Clinical experience and review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.160","article-title":"The clinical utility of a novel blood-based multi-transcriptome assay for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"110","author":"Modlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.06.018","article-title":"Metabonomic profiling: a novel approach in neuroendocrine neoplasias","volume":"154","author":"Kinross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481007600306","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the appendix: are these tumors identifiable prospectively on preoperative CT?","volume":"76","author":"Coursey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26477","article-title":"Pediatric neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors: management, pathology, and imaging findings in a pediatric referral center","volume":"64","author":"Degnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000335629","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms from the jejuno-ileum and the appendix including goblet cell carcinomas","volume":"95","author":"Pape","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318275d1d7","article-title":"Tumor staging but not grading is associated with adverse clinical outcome in neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix","volume":"37","author":"Volante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4375","article-title":"Carcinoid tumour of the appendix","volume":"90","author":"Goede","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300831","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours (NETs)","volume":"61","author":"Ramage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.4.349","article-title":"Is right hemicolectomy for 2.0-cm appendiceal carcinoids justified?","volume":"141","author":"Bamboat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712313172704","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis","volume":"317","author":"Moertel","year":"1987","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.06.003","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoids) of the appendix","volume":"19","author":"Stinner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000852","article-title":"Mesenteric lymphadenectomy in well differentiated appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"60","author":"Raoof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197907000-00013","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the appendix: mesoappendiceal extension and nodal metastases","volume":"190","author":"Syracuse","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib36","first-page":"137","article-title":"Carcinoid tumours of the appendix in young patients","volume":"146","author":"Svendsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(90)90221-T","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the appendix in the first two decades of life","volume":"25","author":"Moertel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80025-7","article-title":"A\u00a0half century of experience with carcinoid tumors in children","volume":"170","author":"Corpron","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6440-3","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children","volume":"26","author":"Prommegger","year":"2002","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000492","article-title":"Features associated with metastases among well-differentiated neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) tumors of the appendix: the significance of small vessel invasion in addition to size","volume":"58","author":"Kleiman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21634","article-title":"The clinical utility of Ki-67 in assessing tumor biology and aggressiveness in patients with appendiceal carcinoids","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.01.010","article-title":"Correlation between grade and prognosis in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"40","author":"Strosberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852918305164?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852918305164?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:44:01Z","timestamp":1760175841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852918305164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852918305164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Problem of Appendiceal Carcinoids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}