{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T18:05:36Z","timestamp":1775844336637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T09:41:55Z","timestamp":1539250915000},"page":"797-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Medical Hypoparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Namrah","family":"Siraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Hakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliya","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302006000400012","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism","volume":"50","author":"MaedaI","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233535","article-title":"The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1","volume":"29","author":"Lankisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02090.x","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and management of patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I","volume":"265","author":"Husebye","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-399","article-title":"An autoimmune disease, APECED, caused by mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains","volume":"17","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713301","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes","volume":"378","author":"Husebye","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib6","first-page":"119","article-title":"The incidence of parathyroid and other antibodies in the sera of patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Blizzard","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00139","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic landscape of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"102","author":"Orlova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030289","article-title":"Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1","volume":"3","author":"Meager","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0935","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I interferons as an additional diagnostic criterion for autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I","volume":"93","author":"Meloni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030279","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical associations of 10 defined autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I","volume":"89","author":"S\u00f6derbergh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib11","first-page":"379","article-title":"Clinical and Immunological characteristics of autoimmune addison disease: a nationwide swedish multicenter study","volume":"102","author":"Dalin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053981","article-title":"A\u00a0functional alternative splicing mutation in AIRE gene causes autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3836","article-title":"Exome sequencing reveals mutations in AIRE as a cause of isolated hypoparathyroidism","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13111","article-title":"Identification of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in patients with isolated hypoparathyroidism","volume":"85","author":"Sahoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.04.021","article-title":"Dominant mutations in the autoimmune regulator AIRE are associated with common organ-specific autoimmune diseases","volume":"42","author":"Oftedal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2611","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy","volume":"91","author":"Perheentupa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006283222601","article-title":"Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients","volume":"322","author":"Ahonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03862.x","article-title":"AIRE gene mutations and autoantibodies to interferon omega in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism without APECED","volume":"73","author":"Cervato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2448-6","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism and central diabetes insipidus: in search of the link","volume":"173","author":"Eyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031054","article-title":"Activating antibodies to the calcium-sensing receptor in two patients with autoimmune hypoparathyroidism","volume":"89","author":"Kifor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.483","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in the adult: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, target organ involvement, treatment, and challenges for future research","volume":"26","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118513","article-title":"Autoantibodies to the extracellular domain of the calcium sensing receptor in patients with acquired hypoparathyroidism","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650010512","article-title":"Parathyroid cell surface autoantibodies that inhibit parathyroid hormone secretion from dispersed human parathyroid cells","volume":"1","author":"Posillico","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Mineral Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2009.01.001","article-title":"Anti-parathyroid and anti-calcium sensing receptor antibodies in autoimmune hypoparathyroidism","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib25","first-page":"63","article-title":"Rare association of hypoparathyroidism and mediastinal-pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"152","author":"Brinkane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne (Paris)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-009-0277-9","article-title":"Sarcoidosis presenting with severe hypocalcaemia","volume":"180","author":"Saeed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02244.x","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism and sarcoidosis","volume":"138","author":"Badell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.27.8.656","article-title":"Amyloid in normal and pathological parathyroid glands","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib29","first-page":"3543","article-title":"Riedel\u2019s thyroiditis: report of a case complicated by spontaneous hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and horner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Yasmeen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib30","first-page":"54","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism secondary to Riedel's thyroiditis. A case report and a review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Casoli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Ital Med Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/003693309303800109","article-title":"Riedel's thyroiditis complicated by hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"38","author":"McRorie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib32","first-page":"72","article-title":"Symptomatic hypocalcaemia associated with metastatic invasion of the parathyroid glands","volume":"43","author":"Goddard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90086-1","article-title":"Secondary malignant tumors of the parathyroid glands: Report of two cases with associated hypoparathyroidism","volume":"52","author":"Horwitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib34","first-page":"441","article-title":"A\u00a0case of advanced breast cancer associated with hypocalcemia","volume":"13","author":"Watanabe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198811000-00039","article-title":"Neoplasms metastatic to parathyroid glands","volume":"81","author":"Gattuso","year":"1988","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<74::AID-CNCR2820030111>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Metastases in carcinoma; analysis of 1000 autopsied cases","volume":"3","author":"Abrams","year":"1950","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90006-8","article-title":"Effect of decicurie doses of radioactive iodine 131 on parathyroid function","volume":"154","author":"Glazebrook","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(98)90045-X","article-title":"Hypocalcemia as a complication of radioiodine therapy","volume":"19","author":"Winslow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-009-0270-4","article-title":"Parathyroid changes after high dose radioactive iodine in patients with thyroid cancer","volume":"23","author":"Guven","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198310133091501","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in Wilson's disease","volume":"309","author":"Carpenter","year":"1983","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.109689","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in a case of Wilson's disease: rare association of a rare disorder","volume":"17","author":"Fatima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib42","first-page":"445","article-title":"A\u00a0case of Wilson's disease associated with hypoparathyroidism and amenorrhea","volume":"95","author":"Okada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0660-1","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in\u00a0transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia","volume":"24","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2000.364","article-title":"Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism in beta-thalassemia major patients","volume":"20","author":"Aleem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000204662","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in beta-thalassemia major: clinical and laboratory observations in 24 patients","volume":"88","author":"De Satictis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.3.345.345","article-title":"Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the management of leukemia","volume":"49","author":"O'Regan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.8.1517","article-title":"Management of hypocalcemic effects of WR2721 administered on a daily times five schedule with cisplatin and radiation therapy. The New York Gynecologic Oncology Group","volume":"11","author":"Wadler","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111815","article-title":"Bone and parathyroid inhibitory effects of S-2(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid. Studies in experimental animals and cultured bone cells","volume":"75","author":"Attie","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib49","first-page":"103","article-title":"Magnesium deficit in major burns: role in hypoparathyroidism and end-organ parathyroid hormone resistance","volume":"11","author":"Klein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70161-6","article-title":"Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis after severe burn injury in children: possible role of magnesium depletion","volume":"131","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000745","article-title":"Burns: where has all the calcium (and Vitamin D) gone?","volume":"2","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200207000-00006","article-title":"Magnesium and the parathyroid","volume":"11","author":"Vetter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib53","first-page":"113","article-title":"Magnesium as a regulatory cation: criteria and evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Grubbs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.4.570","article-title":"Coupling of calcium receptors to inositol phosphate and cyclic AMP generation in mammalian cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes and immunodetection of receptor protein by region-specific antipeptide antisera","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Mineral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610103351505","article-title":"A\u00a0familial syndrome of hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor","volume":"335","author":"Pearce","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9934","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09842-2","article-title":"Association between activating mutations of calcium-sensing receptor and Bartter's syndrome","volume":"360","author":"Watanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32833b7125","article-title":"Claudin-16 and claudin-19 function in the thick ascending limb","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib58","article-title":"Role of the distal convoluted tubule in renal Mg 2+ handling: molecular lessons from inherited hypomagnesemia","volume":"24","author":"Ferr\u00e8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1291872","article-title":"Novel paracellin-1 mutations in 25 families with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis","volume":"12","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060709","article-title":"CLDN16 genotype predicts renal decline in familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis","volume":"19","author":"Konrad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C221","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00139.2014","article-title":"Calcium-sensing receptor 20 years later","volume":"307","author":"Alfadda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374932","article-title":"Hormonal stimulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of the mouse: evidence for a change in the paracellular pathway permeability","volume":"423","author":"Wittner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010010001","article-title":"2009 Homer W. Smith award: minerals in motion: from new ion transporters to new concepts","volume":"21","author":"Bindels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/ng889","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is caused by mutations in TRPM6, a new member of the TRPM gene family","volume":"31","author":"Schlingmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/ng901","article-title":"Mutation of TRPM6 causes familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia","volume":"31","author":"Walder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4049","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4049.606","article-title":"Evidence for parathyroid failure in magnesium deficiency","volume":"177","author":"Anast","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007727200","article-title":"Paradoxical block of parathormone secretion is mediated by increased activity of G alpha subunits","volume":"276","author":"Quitterer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24134","article-title":"Enhanced passive Ca2+ reabsorption and reduced Mg2+ channel abundance explains thiazide-induced hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia","volume":"115","author":"Nijenhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31680","article-title":"Impaired basolateral sorting of pro-EGF causes isolated recessive renal hypomagnesemia","volume":"117","author":"Groenestege","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2497","article-title":"The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus activates the renal sodium chloride cotransporter to cause hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Hoorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.32.434","article-title":"Tetany due to hypomagnesemia induced by cisplatin and doxorubicin treatment for synovial sarcoma","volume":"32","author":"Mune","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.820","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia with increased metabolism of parathyroid hormone and reduced responsiveness to calcitropic hormones","volume":"31","author":"Mori","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.666","article-title":"Renal refractoriness to phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone in a patient with hypomagnesemia","volume":"34","author":"Mihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08438.x","article-title":"The relation between extra- and intracellular electrolytes in patients with hypokalemia and\/or diuretic treatment","volume":"204","author":"Dyckner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib75","first-page":"3442","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency after renal transplantation and cyclosporine treatment despite normal serum-magnesium detected by a modified magnesium-loading-test","volume":"27","author":"Rob","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1684\/mrh.2009.0158","article-title":"The complex relationship between magnesium and serum parathyroid hormone: a study in patients with chronic intestinal failure","volume":"22","author":"Pironi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib77","series-title":"Role of magnesium in parathyroid physiology,\" in hypoparathyroidism","first-page":"61","author":"Steen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2350-2","article-title":"Disorders of calcium and magnesium balance: a physiology-based approach","volume":"28","author":"Hoorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05201.x","article-title":"Systematic review: hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibition","volume":"36","author":"Hess","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.11.019","article-title":"A\u00a0case series of proton pump inhibitor\u2013induced hypomagnesemia","volume":"56","author":"Hoorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03194.x","article-title":"Severe hypomagnesaemia in long-term users of proton-pump inhibitors","volume":"69","author":"Cundy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib82","first-page":"315","article-title":"Fractional excretion of magnesium in normal subjects and in patients with hypomagnesemia","volume":"10","author":"Elisaf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib83","first-page":"232","article-title":"Abnormal renal magnesium handling","volume":"19","author":"Sutton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198111000-00002","article-title":"The hypocalciuric or benign variant of familial hypercalcemia: clinical and biochemical features in fifteen kindreds","volume":"60","author":"Marx","year":"1981","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.7.1764","article-title":"Symptomatic hypocalcaemia in hypermagnesaemia-induced hypoparathyroidism, during magnesium tocolytic therapy--possible involvement of the calcium-sensing receptor","volume":"14","author":"Mayan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405103101904","article-title":"The influence of hypermagnesemia on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in human subjects","volume":"310","author":"Cholst","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290619","article-title":"Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in patients with combined features of Kearns-Sayre and MELAS syndromes","volume":"29","author":"Zupanc","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70206-8","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency","volume":"129","author":"Dionisi-Vici","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib89","first-page":"7","article-title":"Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy","volume":"2017","author":"Ya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318180276f","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: a case series and review","volume":"118","author":"Truong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200206000-00022","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: evidence-based management","volume":"57","author":"Schnatz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852918305401?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852918305401?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:44:43Z","timestamp":1760175883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852918305401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852918305401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medical Hypoparathyroidism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}