{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:54:37Z","timestamp":1773298477404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012182","name":"Emory Medical Care Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T03:24:20Z","timestamp":1553311460000},"page":"377-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Primary Care in Transgender Persons"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly J.","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Parker","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ogul Ersin","family":"Uner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib1","series-title":"The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey","author":"James","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib3","unstructured":"Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People. 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib4","author":"Gay & Lesbian Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0505-6","article-title":"Improving transgender health by building safe clinical environments that promote existing resilience: Results from a qualitative analysis of providers","volume":"15","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001472","article-title":"Electronic medical records and the transgender patient: recommendations from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health EMR Working Group","volume":"20","author":"Deutsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2010.514222","article-title":"Analysis of adulterated silicone: implications for health promotion","volume":"12","author":"Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Transgend"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2014.11.2840","article-title":"Treating a transgender patient: overview of the guidelines","volume":"126","author":"Wilczynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2011.08.001","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS programming in the United States: considerations affecting transgender women and girls","volume":"21","author":"Sevelius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.05.014","article-title":"Sexual and gender minority cigarette smoking disparities: an analysis of 2016 behavioral risk factor surveillance system data","volume":"113","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.016","article-title":"Alcohol research with transgender populations: a systematic review and recommendations to strengthen future studies","volume":"186","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031774","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: the roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping","volume":"81","author":"Budge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003371","article-title":"The perioperative care of the transgender patient","volume":"127","author":"Tollinche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1300\/J485v09n03_02","article-title":"Transgender primary medical care","volume":"9.3-4","author":"Feldman","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Transgenderism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.031","article-title":"Pap test use is lower among female-to-male patients than non-transgender women","volume":"47","author":"Peitzmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.06.021","article-title":"Breast cancer in transgender patients: a systematic review. Part 2: female to male","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2011.06.006","article-title":"Breast cancer in female-to-male transsexuals: two cases with a review of physiology and management","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women\u2019s health initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.06.035","article-title":"Breast cancer in transgender patients: A systematic review. Part 1: male to female","author":"Hartley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1038","article-title":"A\u00a0long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones","volume":"164","author":"Asscheman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2017.12.008","article-title":"A\u00a0literature review of cervical cancer screening in transgender men","volume":"22","author":"Gatos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib24","unstructured":"Screening for ovarian cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement | Cancer screening, prevention, control | JAMA | JAMA Network. Available at: https:\/\/jamanetwork-com.proxy.library.emory.edu\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2672638. Accessed September 5, 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.12.021","article-title":"Histology of genital tract and breast tissue after long-term testosterone administration in a female-to-male transsexual population","volume":"20","author":"Grynberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib26","first-page":"3193","article-title":"Effect of long-term testosterone administration on the endometrium of female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals","volume":"6","author":"Perrone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1159-6","article-title":"Examining patient conceptions: a case of metastatic breast cancer in an African American male to female transgender patient","volume":"25","author":"Dhand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib29","first-page":"403","article-title":"The relationship between total testosterone levels and prostate cancer: a review of the continuing controversy","volume":"193","author":"Klap","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.06.034","article-title":"Testosterone and prostate cancer: an historical perspective on a modern myth","volume":"50","author":"Morgentaler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540230054035","article-title":"Occult prostate cancer in men with low serum testosterone levels","volume":"276","author":"Morgentaler","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E544","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.175","article-title":"Metastatic prostate cancer in transsexual diagnosed after three decades of estrogen therapy","volume":"7","author":"Turo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.04.005","article-title":"Testosterone deficiency and prostate cancer: emerging recognition of an important and troubling relationship","volume":"52","author":"Morgentaler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12208","article-title":"Prostate cancer incidence in orchidectomised male-to-female transsexual persons treated with oestrogens","volume":"46","author":"Gooren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.032","article-title":"Prostate cancer in transgender women: incidence, etiopathogenesis, and management challenges","volume":"110","author":"Deebel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib36","unstructured":"Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | HIV Risk and Prevention | HIV\/AIDS | CDC. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/prep\/index.html. Accessed September 7, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib37","unstructured":"HPV Vaccine Recommendations | Human Papillomavirus | CDC. 2017. Available\u00a0at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/vpd\/hpv\/hcp\/recommendations.html. Accessed September 21, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6701a1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"67","author":"Schillie","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01643","article-title":"Sex steroids and cardiovascular outcomes in transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Maraka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2785","article-title":"Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons: a cohort study","author":"Getahun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01658","article-title":"endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2018.06.006","article-title":"Family planning and contraception use in transgender men","volume":"98","author":"Light","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2018.02.010","article-title":"Use of copper intrauterine device in transgender male adolescents","volume":"98","author":"Bentsianov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1173","article-title":"Guidelines for the primary care of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"McNair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib45","unstructured":"Trans Media Network. Trans Health Clinics. Trans Health. Available at: http:\/\/www.trans-health.com\/clinics\/. Accessed September 6, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib46","unstructured":"World Professional Association for Transgender Health. WPATH 2017 Identity Recognition Statement. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/tgeu.org\/wpath-2017-identity-recognition-statement\/. Accessed September 5, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib47","unstructured":"National Center for Transgender Equality. ID Documents Center. Available at: https:\/\/transequality.org\/documents. Accessed September 5, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004_bib48","unstructured":"TransLine: Transgender Medical Consultation Service. Changing Identity Documents. Available at: https:\/\/transline.zendesk.com\/hc\/en-us\/categories\/204101227-Changing-Identity-Documents. Accessed September 8, 2018."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291930009X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291930009X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:44:48Z","timestamp":1760175888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S088985291930009X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S088985291930009X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Primary Care in Transgender Persons","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}