{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:51:52Z","timestamp":1789800712220,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T08:18:20Z","timestamp":1569399500000},"page":"701-715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Low-Renin Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Shobana","family":"Athimulam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Lazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.006","article-title":"Plasma renin and aldosterone measurements in low renin hypertensive states","volume":"16","author":"Sealey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02898.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of low-renin hypertension","volume":"67","author":"Mulatero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001127","article-title":"Why is plasma renin activity lower in populations of African origin?","volume":"15","author":"Sagnella","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib4","first-page":"1869","article-title":"The salivary sodium\/potassium ratio in hypertension: relation to race and plasma renin activity","volume":"4","author":"Adlin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1969.00300140012004","article-title":"Effect of an adrenal inhibitor in hypertensive patients with suppressed renin","volume":"123","author":"Woods","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1972.03650060047008","article-title":"Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Blood pressure response and plasma renin activity","volume":"130","author":"Adlin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000013784.18175.51","article-title":"Familial aggregation of low-renin hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.39","article-title":"Pressure dependent modulation of renin release in isolated perfused glomeruli","volume":"41","author":"Bock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1517","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.5.R1517","article-title":"Neural control of the kidney: functionally specific renal sympathetic nerve fibers","volume":"279","author":"DiBona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00567.x","article-title":"Classical Renin-Angiotensin system in kidney physiology","volume":"4","author":"Sparks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2012.011186","article-title":"A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for plasma renin activity using online solid-phase extraction","volume":"49","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833d2192","article-title":"The aldosterone-renin ratio based on the plasma renin activity and the direct renin assay for diagnosing aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"28","author":"Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000880","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of aldosterone and renin measurement by chemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay in primary aldosteronism","volume":"34","author":"Burrello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.3.388","article-title":"Altered adrenal sensitivity to angiotensin II in low-renin essential hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1268","article-title":"Stress-induced aldosterone hyper-secretion in a substantial subset of patients with essential hypertension","volume":"100","author":"Markou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000038478.59760.41","article-title":"Drug effects on aldosterone\/plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism","volume":"40","author":"Mulatero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80017-5","article-title":"Heparin-induced aldosterone suppression and hyperkalemia","volume":"98","author":"Oster","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.555474","article-title":"Association of WNK1 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with ambulatory blood pressure in the general population","volume":"112","author":"Tobin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004","article-title":"Low renin hypertensive states: perspectives, unsolved problems, future research","volume":"16","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020546","article-title":"The low-renin hypertension phenotype: genetics and the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"19","author":"Baudrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9113","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07306-6","article-title":"Association of hypertension with T594M mutation in beta subunit of epithelial sodium channels in black people resident in London","volume":"351","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpx066","article-title":"Physiological Phenotyping for Personalized Therapy of Uncontrolled hypertension in Africa","volume":"30","author":"Akintunde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.1.67","article-title":"Evidence of coexisting changes in 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5 beta-reductase activity in subjects with untreated essential hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Soro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hps080","article-title":"Age-related changes in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in normotensive subjects","volume":"26","author":"Campino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib26","first-page":"3745","article-title":"Molecular basis of human salt sensitivity: the role of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2","volume":"84","author":"Lovati","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.67119.x","article-title":"Role of HSD11B2 polymorphisms in essential hypertension and the diuretic response to thiazides","volume":"67","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension","volume":"40","author":"Calhoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30319-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and target organ damage in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Monticone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2805","article-title":"Long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"98","author":"Mulatero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30135-3","article-title":"Outcomes after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism: an international consensus on outcome measures and analysis of remission rates in an international cohort","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70069-5","article-title":"Adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: towards a standardised protocol","volume":"3","author":"Monticone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.09.015","article-title":"Understanding primary aldosteronism: impact of next generation sequencing and expression profiling","volume":"399","author":"Monticone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.11.022","article-title":"Development of monoclonal antibodies against human CYP11B1 and CYP11B2","volume":"383","author":"Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6018","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198785","article-title":"K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension","volume":"331","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03419","article-title":"Genetic spectrum and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"64","author":"Fernandes-Rosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.175083","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of familial hyperaldosteronism: the PATOGEN study (Primary Aldosteronism in TOrino-GENetic forms)","volume":"58","author":"Mulatero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2527","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: twenty years\u2019 experience at the National Institutes of Health","volume":"90","author":"Ilias","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib39","first-page":"458","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion","volume":"67","author":"Cieszynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1542","article-title":"The ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, management, and long-term follow-up","volume":"91","author":"Isidori","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000415","article-title":"The hypertension of Cushing's syndrome: controversies in the pathophysiology and focus on cardiovascular complications","volume":"33","author":"Isidori","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1818","article-title":"Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib43","first-page":"199","article-title":"A familial renal disorder simulating primary aldosteronism but with negligible aldosterone secretion","volume":"76","author":"Liddle","year":"1963","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030812","article-title":"Liddle syndrome: review of the literature and description of a new case","volume":"19","author":"Tetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6462","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/367463a0","article-title":"Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel is made of three homologous subunits","volume":"367","author":"Canessa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.12.061","article-title":"Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family: phylogeny, structure-function, tissue distribution, and associated inherited diseases","volume":"579","author":"Hanukoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"5532","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062844","article-title":"Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases","volume":"293","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2218","article-title":"KLHL3 mutations cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension by impairing ion transport in the distal nephron","volume":"44","author":"Louis-Dit-Picard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7383","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10814","article-title":"Mutations in kelch-like 3 and cullin 3 cause hypertension and electrolyte abnormalities","volume":"482","author":"Boyden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2956-7","article-title":"Gordon syndrome: a continuing story","volume":"30","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0037","article-title":"Hypercalciuria in familial hyperkalemia and hypertension accompanies hyperkalemia and precedes hypertension: description of a large family with the Q565E WNK4 mutation","volume":"89","author":"Mayan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.011","article-title":"Monogenic low renin hypertension","volume":"16","author":"New","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.6056","article-title":"Renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hippocampal corticosterone-binding species have identical intrinsic steroid specificity","volume":"80","author":"Krozowski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.03.010","article-title":"Apparent mineralocorticoid excess","volume":"165","author":"Funder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200501000-00015","article-title":"Biochemical and genetic characterization of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in low-renin essential hypertensives","volume":"23","author":"Carvajal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10200","article-title":"A genetic defect resulting in mild low-renin hypertension","volume":"95","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-2-222","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical variability of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. A study of 25 patients","volume":"56","author":"Zachmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10108","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31431-9","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"390","author":"El-Maouche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13741","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to low-renin hypertension","volume":"89","author":"Monticone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1189-x","article-title":"Clinical perspectives in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"55","author":"Bulsari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031021","article-title":"Two prevalent CYP17 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in 24 Brazilian patients with 17-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"89","author":"Costa-Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.02.002","article-title":"Steroid 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase deficiencies, genetic and pharmacologic","volume":"165","author":"Auchus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110565","article-title":"Primary cortisol resistance in man. A glucocorticoid receptor-mediated disease","volume":"69","author":"Chrousos","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12426","article-title":"Chrousos syndrome: from molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic management","volume":"45","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.05.007","article-title":"Current concepts in glucocorticoid resistance","volume":"77","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E790","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3549","article-title":"A novel point mutation in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the human glucocorticoid receptor causes primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance by disrupting the hydrophobic structure of its DBD","volume":"98","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.4.8379","article-title":"Female pseudohermaphroditism caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation of the GR gene","volume":"87","author":"Mendonca","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013563","article-title":"Familial glucocorticoid receptor haploinsufficiency by non-sense mediated mRNA decay, adrenal hyperplasia and apparent mineralocorticoid excess","volume":"5","author":"Bouligand","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5476","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5476.119","article-title":"Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy","volume":"289","author":"Geller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21876","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.657957","article-title":"Finerenone impedes aldosterone-dependent nuclear import of the mineralocorticoid receptor and prevents genomic recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator-1","volume":"290","author":"Amazit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib71","series-title":"Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology","article-title":"Endocrine hypertension","author":"Young","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201007","article-title":"Lethal liquorice lollies (liquorice abuse causing pseudohyperaldosteronism)","volume":"2013","author":"Flores-Robles","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib73","first-page":"e357","article-title":"A sweet tooth as the root cause of cardiac arrest","volume":"25","author":"Crean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.07470.x","article-title":"Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Sontia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"8563","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91014-2","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031545","article-title":"Effect of aldosterone and glycyrrhetinic acid on the protein expression of PAI-1 and p22(phox) in human mononuclear leukocytes","volume":"89","author":"Calo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib77","unstructured":"Evaluation of certain food additives. World Health Organization technical report series. 2005;928:1\u2013156."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018812454322","article-title":"Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message","volume":"3","author":"Omar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3109\/07435809509030454","article-title":"Clinical investigation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01806.x","article-title":"Grapefruit juice inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vivo, in man","volume":"59","author":"Palermo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90025-9","article-title":"Grapefruit juice and its flavonoids inhibit 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291930057X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088985291930057X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:44:15Z","timestamp":1760175855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S088985291930057X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S088985291930057X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low-Renin Hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}