{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:32:39Z","timestamp":1791613959612,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T09:17:35Z","timestamp":1676539055000},"page":"317-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Obesity and Aging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Noemi","family":"Malandrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman Z.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Alfaraidhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajvarun S.","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Rastogi","family":"Kalyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803005","article-title":"Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions","volume":"29","author":"Zamboni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib2","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7270","article-title":"Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographic Characteristics and Urbanization Level Among Adults in the United States, 2013-2016","volume":"319","author":"Hales","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1039","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, financial hardship and measured obesity in older adults: a cross-sectional study of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort","volume":"13","author":"Conklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib6","first-page":"s56","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Rural Status on Self-Reported Health in Older Adults: 2004-2013 Medicare Expenditure Panel Survey","volume":"34","author":"Batsis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.03.007","article-title":"Body composition changes in diabetes and aging","volume":"33","author":"Al-Sofiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.08.007","article-title":"Peripheral fat loss and decline in adipogenesis in older humans","volume":"62","author":"Caso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp213","article-title":"Aging, depot origin, and preadipocyte gene expression","volume":"65","author":"Cartwright","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102188","article-title":"Aging is associated with an increase in T\u00a0cells and inflammatory macrophages in visceral adipose tissue","volume":"187","author":"Lumeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2013006833","article-title":"Changes in adipose tissue macrophages and T\u00a0cells during aging","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00608.x","article-title":"Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence","volume":"9","author":"Tchkonia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.06.001","article-title":"Age-related changes in total and regional fat distribution","volume":"8","author":"Kuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2014","article-title":"A\u00a0crucial role for adipose tissue p53 in the regulation of insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Minamino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0909-996","article-title":"Connecting obesity, aging and diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Ahima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Physiological Aging: Links Among Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Diabetes, and Frailty","volume":"32","author":"Stout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70034-8","article-title":"Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases","volume":"2","author":"Kalyani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib18","first-page":"693","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences","volume":"11","author":"Stenholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601030","article-title":"Total energy expenditure in the elderly","volume":"54","author":"Elia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib20","first-page":"365","article-title":"The thermic effect of food is reduced in older adults","volume":"46","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90109-P","article-title":"The thermic effect of feeding in older men: the importance of the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Schwartz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.228","article-title":"Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society","volume":"13","author":"Villareal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.08.002","article-title":"Energy expenditure and aging","volume":"9","author":"Manini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152359","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update","volume":"11","author":"Jimenez-Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0068-4","article-title":"Role and potential mechanisms of anabolic resistance in sarcopenia","volume":"3","author":"Haran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib26","first-page":"265","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle","volume":"7","author":"Spate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889923","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.889923","article-title":"The Regulation of Adipose Tissue Health by Estrogens","volume":"13","author":"Steiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801280","article-title":"The adipose tissue metabolism: role of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone","volume":"24","author":"De Pergola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-5-1081","article-title":"Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men","volume":"73","author":"Iranmanesh","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib30","first-page":"530","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men","volume":"75","author":"Corpas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04976.x","article-title":"Growth hormone, exercise, and aging: the future of therapy for the frail elderly","volume":"42","author":"Borst","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.02.009","article-title":"Growth Hormone and Obesity","volume":"49","author":"Hjelholt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17370.x","article-title":"Biosynthesis of DHEAS by the human adrenal cortex and its age-related decline","volume":"774","author":"Hornsby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib34","first-page":"1173","article-title":"The relationship of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to endocrine-metabolic parameters and functional status in the oldest-old. Results from an Italian study on healthy free-living over-ninety-year-olds","volume":"81","author":"Ravaglia","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510001","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk: a review of human studies","volume":"151","author":"Tchernof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib36","first-page":"297","article-title":"AACE\/ACE Position statement on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity (1998 revision)","volume":"4","author":"Dickey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.15.1861","article-title":"Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity","volume":"293","author":"Flegal","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.15.1868","article-title":"Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults","volume":"293","author":"Gregg","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0073-x","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the literature concerning the relationship between obesity and mortality in the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Donini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19910073","article-title":"Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas","volume":"65","author":"Deurenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.36","article-title":"The need to redefine age- and gender-specific overweight and obese body mass index cutoff points","volume":"5","author":"Nevill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-097X.2003.00464.x","article-title":"Variations in percentage of body fat within different BMI groups in young, middle-aged and old women","volume":"23","author":"Movsesyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.04.004","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of body fat distribution and mortality in older people","volume":"72","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13035","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13035","article-title":"Body mass index and all-cause mortality in older adults: A scoping review of observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Javed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"10046","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30175-1","article-title":"Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents","volume":"388","author":"Global","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30288-2","article-title":"Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3.6 million adults in the UK","volume":"6","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw147","article-title":"Obesity in Older People With and Without Conditions Associated With Weight Loss: Follow-up of 955,000 Primary Care Patients","volume":"72","author":"Bowman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS13-2023","article-title":"Obesity paradox does exist","volume":"36","author":"Hainer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.09.059","article-title":"Relation of Body Mass Index to Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Ratwatte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13190","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13190","article-title":"Diagnosis of obesity based on body composition-associated health risks-Time for a change in paradigm","volume":"22","author":"Bosy-Westphal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194697","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194697","article-title":"Muscle mass, BMI, and mortality among adults in the United States: A population-based cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys008","article-title":"The association between waist circumference and risk of mortality considering body mass index in 65- to 74-year-olds: a meta-analysis of 29 cohorts involving more than 58 000 elderly persons","volume":"41","author":"de Hollander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.147157","article-title":"Central adiposity and the overweight risk paradox in aging: follow-up of 130,473\u00a0UK Biobank participants","volume":"106","author":"Bowman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"The fatter, the better in old age: the current understanding of a difficult relationship","volume":"25","author":"Fonseca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241","article-title":"Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement","volume":"15","author":"Donini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.024","article-title":"Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Donini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO127","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2016-0028","article-title":"Physical activity and sarcopenic obesity: definition, assessment, prevalence and mechanism","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12260","article-title":"Variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults associated with different research definitions: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004","volume":"61","author":"Batsis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x","article-title":"Body composition in healthy aging","volume":"904","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann New York Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2007.10.002","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Zamboni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib61","first-page":"E164","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity, and Late-Life Sarcopenia Among Men With Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"17","author":"Lutski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Isr Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib62","first-page":"127","article-title":"Defining sarcopenia: some caveats and challenges","volume":"23","author":"Sanchez-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.050","article-title":"Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) Criteria are Strongly Associated With Malnutrition, Depression, Falls, and Fractures in High-Risk Older Persons","volume":"22","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1942934","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity as a determinant of cardiovascular disease risk in older people: a systematic review","volume":"133","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2015.12.012","article-title":"Sarcopenia and the cardiometabolic syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Bahat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.027","article-title":"Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality","volume":"62","author":"Britton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.023","article-title":"Relation between visceral fat and coronary artery disease evaluated by multidetector computed tomography","volume":"209","author":"Marques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atheroscler"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.592","article-title":"Association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: where are we?","volume":"33","author":"Gusmao-Sena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.107","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics","volume":"12","author":"Roubenoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002172","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality","volume":"124","author":"Atkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib73","article-title":"Geriatric vulnerabilities among obese older adults with and without sarcopenia: findings from a nationally representative cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Dondero","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372","article-title":"Sarcopenia Definition: The Position Statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium","volume":"68","author":"Bhasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16517","article-title":"Putative Cut-Points in Sarcopenia Components and Incident Adverse Health Outcomes: An SDOC Analysis","volume":"68","author":"Cawthon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068122","article-title":"BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Winter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22604","article-title":"Effect of Weight Change Following Intentional Weight Loss on Bone Health in Older Adults with Obesity","volume":"27","author":"Kammire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx012","article-title":"Very Low Calorie Diets for Weight Loss in Obese Older Adults-A Randomized Trial","volume":"73","author":"Haywood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21569","article-title":"Impact on weight and physical function of intensive medical weight loss in older adults with stage II and III obesity","volume":"24","author":"Ard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.03.009","article-title":"Calorie restriction in overweight older adults: Do benefits exceed potential risks?","volume":"86","author":"Locher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008234","article-title":"Weight Loss, Exercise, or Both and Physical Function in Obese Older Adults","volume":"364","author":"Villareal","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20607","article-title":"Effect of an 18-month physical activity and weight loss intervention on body composition in overweight and obese older adults","volume":"22","author":"Beavers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816a85ce","article-title":"Exercise attenuates the weight-loss-induced reduction in muscle mass in frail obese older adults","volume":"40","author":"Frimel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S17001","article-title":"Effects of a weight loss plus exercise program on physical function in overweight, older women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Anton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.475","article-title":"Exercise training in obese older adults prevents increase in bone turnover and attenuates decrease in hip bone mineral density induced by weight loss despite decline in bone-active hormones","volume":"26","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092163","article-title":"Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Physical Performance in Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.07.007","article-title":"Effect of exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements on anthropometric and physical performance measures in community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Hita-Contreras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr120","article-title":"The Effects of a Higher Protein Intake During Energy Restriction on Changes in Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Women","volume":"66A","author":"Mojtahedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journals Gerontol Ser A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.143594","article-title":"Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.182","article-title":"Protein intake and lean body mass preservation during energy intake restriction in overweight older adults","volume":"40","author":"Backx","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.335","article-title":"Effect of lorcaserin in different age groups: a post hoc analysis of patients from the BLOOM, BLOSSOM and BLOOM-DM studies","volume":"5","author":"Fujioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2165\/11536660-000000000-00000","article-title":"Long-Term Pharmacotherapy for Obesity in Elderly Patients","volume":"27","author":"Horie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib93","article-title":"Weight loss efficacy of orlistat in obese elderly adults","volume":"7","author":"Segal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obesity Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.2.160","article-title":"Orlistat in the long-term treatment of obesity in primary care settings","volume":"9","author":"Hauptman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0525-y","article-title":"Liraglutide and obesity in elderly: efficacy in fat loss and safety in order to prevent sarcopenia. A perspective case series study","volume":"28","author":"Perna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib96","first-page":"Trab69","article-title":"Age no impediment to effective weight loss with liraglutide 3.0\u00a0mg: data from two randomized trials","volume":"11","author":"Rubino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nutrology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13331","article-title":"Semaglutide as a therapeutic option for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-5 trials","volume":"20","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1530-891X(20)39694-4","article-title":"Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide is Comparable in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Aged < 65 Years and \u2265 65 Years: A Post Hoc Analysis of Sustain 1-5 and 7-10","volume":"26","author":"Warren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-016-2102-7","article-title":"Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Sarcopenic Obesity","volume":"26","author":"Mastino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib100","first-page":"1627","article-title":"Bariatric surgery in elderly patients: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Giordano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5050-3","article-title":"Is bariatric surgery safe in the elderly population?","volume":"31","author":"Quirante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-01031-w","article-title":"Outcomes of bariatric surgery in elderly patients: a registry-based cohort study with 3-year follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Iranmanesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3546-8","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Elderly Patients-Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Marczuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib104","author":"Galindo"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10278","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4\u00a0mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1831","article-title":"Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Wadden","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3224","article-title":"Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Rubino","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00008-0","article-title":"Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial","volume":"10","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23619","article-title":"Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"327","author":"Rubino","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A\u00a0Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0\u00a0mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","article-title":"Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"314","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.330","article-title":"Controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP)","volume":"20","author":"Allison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"9774","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60205-5","article-title":"Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"377","author":"Gadde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9741","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60888-4","article-title":"Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"376","author":"Greenway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20309","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II)","volume":"21","author":"Apovian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.147","article-title":"Weight loss with naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: the COR-BMOD trial","volume":"19","author":"Wadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0234","article-title":"Effects of naltrexone sustained-release\/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Hollander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.155","article-title":"XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients","volume":"27","author":"Torgerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852922000950?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852922000950?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:48:46Z","timestamp":1760176126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852922000950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852922000950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obesity and Aging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}