{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:59:12Z","timestamp":1785369552712,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:21:02Z","timestamp":1778844062000},"page":"437-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Pauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Snell-Bergeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.16.2159","article-title":"Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (EDIC) study","volume":"290","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA, J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70190-3","article-title":"Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes control and complications trial research group","volume":"125","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0653","article-title":"The effect of intensive glycemic treatment on coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetic participants of the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (DCCT\/EDIC) study","volume":"55","author":"Cleary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2116","article-title":"Update on cardiovascular outcomes at 30 years of the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study","volume":"37","author":"Lachin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib5","first-page":"S399","article-title":"Improved post-prandial blood glucose excursions with technosphere inhaled insulin compared to aspart in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: STAT study intention to treat analysis","volume":"61","author":"Akturk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211418","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy with insulin lispro in patients with type 1 diabetes reduces the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes","volume":"104","author":"Pf\u00fctzner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes Off J Ger Soc Endocrinol Ger Diabetes Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13082","article-title":"Uninterrupted continuous glucose monitoring access is associated with a decrease in HbA1c in youth with type 1 diabetes and public insurance","volume":"21","author":"Addala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.8881","article-title":"Disparities in hemoglobin A1c levels in the first year after diagnosis among youths with type 1 diabetes offered continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Addala","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib9","article-title":"Association between continuous glucose monitoring metrics and clinical outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting","volume":"212","author":"Brett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002853","article-title":"Effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"363","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps for type 1 and type 2 adult diabetic populations: an evidence-based analysis","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1066-P","article-title":"Improvement in time-in-range (TIR) with real-life use of hybrid closed-loop system in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)","volume":"68","author":"Akturk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0421","article-title":"Glucose outcomes with the In-Home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0089","article-title":"Mitigating meal-related glycemic excursions in an insulin-sparing manner during closed-loop insulin delivery: the beneficial effects of adjunctive pramlintide and liraglutide","volume":"39","author":"Sherr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14441","article-title":"Real world performance of hybrid closed loop in youth, young adults, adults and older adults with type 1 diabetes: identifying a clinical target for hybrid closed loop use","author":"Berget","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0078","article-title":"Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D exchange clinic registry","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1959","article-title":"Most youth with type 1 diabetes in the T1D exchange clinic registry do not meet American diabetes association or international society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes clinical guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.16425","article-title":"Estimated life expectancy in a Scottish cohort with type 1 diabetes, 2008-2010","volume":"313","author":"Livingstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.05.017","article-title":"Life expectancy and lifetime health care expenditures for type 1 diabetes: a nationwide longitudinal cohort of incident cases followed for 14 years","volume":"19","author":"Ou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib20","first-page":"880","article-title":"Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes","volume":"372","author":"Lind","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.077487","volume":"127","author":"Purnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00191","article-title":"Obesity in type 1 diabetes: pathophysiology, clinical impact, and mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Corbin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib23","first-page":"53","article-title":"Obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus management","volume":"40","author":"Chillar\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3078","article-title":"Prevalence and management of obesity in U.S. adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"176","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3172","article-title":"Features of hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance unique to type 1 diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Bergman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib26","first-page":"A408","article-title":"Association of pericardial adipose tissue with insulin resistance is modified by gender: the coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes study (CACTI)","volume":"63","author":"Alman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2904-2","article-title":"Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: what is \u201cdouble diabetes\u201d and what are the risks?","volume":"56","author":"Cleland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0328","article-title":"Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: the CACTI study","volume":"60","author":"Schauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2523","article-title":"Impact of excessive weight gain on cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: results from the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (DCCT\/EDIC) study","volume":"40","author":"Purnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13230","article-title":"A review of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a focus on the mechanism of action of once-weekly agents","volume":"45","author":"Cornell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13224","article-title":"Glycaemic and non-glycaemic efficacy of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonists in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"issue":"10295","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2759","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3)","volume":"37","author":"Umpierrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.07.007","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss in people without type 2 diabetes: what is the current evidence?","volume":"118","author":"Gluud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1083","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (Exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea","volume":"28","author":"Kendall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1517\/13543780902766802","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Malone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expet Opin Invest Drugs"},{"issue":"Spec Feature","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib38","first-page":"131","article-title":"Trulicity (Dulaglutide): a new GLP-1 receptor agonist once-weekly subcutaneous injection approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Fala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14465","article-title":"Effect of dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg on weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: exploratory analyses of AWARD-11","volume":"23","author":"Bonora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30013-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial","volume":"5","author":"Sorli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0417","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): a 56-Week, open-label, randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Ahmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13353","article-title":"Semaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrointestinal adverse events in the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials","volume":"20","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"10193","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816647976","article-title":"Adjuvant liraglutide and insulin versus insulin monotherapy in the closed-loop system in type 1 diabetes: a randomized open-labeled crossover design trial","volume":"10","author":"Ilkowitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib48","article-title":"Liraglutide changes body composition and lowers added sugar intake in overweight persons with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13911","article-title":"Liraglutide reduces hyperglycaemia and body weight in overweight, dysregulated insulin-pump-treated patients with type 1 diabetes: the Lira pump trial-a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Dejgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0773","article-title":"Effects of exenatide alone and in combination with daclizumab on beta-cell function in long-standing type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Rother","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2019-0019","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in patients with absolute insulin deficiency","volume":"53","author":"Kutoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101433","article-title":"Dulaglutide and insulin microsecretion in people with type 1 diabetes (DIAMOND-GLP-1): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Thivolet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2500173","article-title":"Semaglutide in adults with type 1 diabetes and obesity","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03463-z","article-title":"Subcutaneous weekly semaglutide with automated insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial","volume":"31","author":"Pasqua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib55","article-title":"Tirzepatide in adults with type 1 diabetes: a phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","author":"Snaith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14121","article-title":"Exenatide extended release in patients with type 1 diabetes with and without residual insulin production","volume":"22","author":"Herold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0490","article-title":"Efficacy of semaglutide in overweight and Obese patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0050","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in overweight and obese adult patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib59","article-title":"Real-world evidence of the effect of adjunctive semaglutide on weight change, glycemic control, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 1 diabetes","author":"Mertens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109064","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of semaglutide as add-on therapy on glycemic control and continuous glucose monitoring outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes: a two-year real-world data study","volume":"39","author":"Al Hayek","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabet Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111979","article-title":"Real-world experience of adjunct weekly semaglutide in type 1 diabetes. Is it worth it?","volume":"219","author":"Cohen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241304779","article-title":"Semaglutide for weight reduction in type 1 diabetes: promising results with uncertain glycemic impact","volume":"19","author":"Orrange","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2024.07.006","article-title":"Effect of tirzepatide on body weight and diabetes control in adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity","volume":"100","author":"Rivera Gutierrez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70172","article-title":"Weight loss in people with type 1 diabetes over 12 months: real-World data comparing tirzepatide, semaglutide and liraglutide","volume":"28","author":"Al Ozairi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6532","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216532","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Almohareb","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111593","article-title":"Effect of low dose semaglutide in people with type 1 diabetes and excess weight","volume":"209","author":"Grassi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib67","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce body mass index and total daily insulin dose in youth with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10278","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","article-title":"Semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0291","article-title":"Mitigating cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes with antidiabetes drugs: a review of principal cardiovascular outcome results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6 trials","volume":"40","author":"Kaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01183-5","article-title":"Efficacy of dulaglutide on vascular health indexes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial","volume":"20","author":"Tuttolomondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071945","article-title":"The effect of additional treatment with empagliflozin or semaglutide on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in subjects with type 1 diabetes Mellitus-ENDIS study","volume":"15","author":"Navodnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0481","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal biomarkers in overweight and Obese adults with type 1 diabetes treated with tirzepatide for 21 months","volume":"27","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0023","article-title":"Challenges of GLP analog use for people with type 1 diabetes: issues with prior approvals and tips for safer use","volume":"26","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.5586","article-title":"Lifetime health effects and cost-effectiveness of tirzepatide and semaglutide in US adults","volume":"6","author":"Hwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14892","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide versus insulin aspart for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the UK: a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis based on SUSTAIN 11","volume":"25","author":"Evans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14979","article-title":"Long-term cost-effectiveness analysis of tirzepatide versus semaglutide 1.0 mg for the management of type 2 diabetes in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Valentine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15377","article-title":"Reducing cardiometabolic risk with semaglutide in type 1 diabetes (RESET1): study protocol of a phase 2 double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Frampton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"10401","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01053-X","article-title":"Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA","volume":"402","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0328","article-title":"Effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide in overweight and Obese adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Snell-Bergeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Therapeut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-024-01592-9","article-title":"Changes in basal and bolus insulin requirements with tirzepatide as an adjunctive therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes using tandem Control-IQ","volume":"15","author":"Karakus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852926000241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889852926000241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:24:51Z","timestamp":1785367491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889852926000241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889852926000241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8529","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2026.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}