{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:19:59Z","timestamp":1790547599581,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T08:27:24Z","timestamp":1589185644000},"page":"100345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Accumulated environmental risk in young refugees \u2013 A prospective evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Begemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Poustka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Ehrenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7321","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09563","article-title":"The environment and schizophrenia","volume":"468","author":"van Os","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.09.003","article-title":"The environment and susceptibility to schizophrenia","volume":"93","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7352","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10190","article-title":"City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans","volume":"474","author":"Lederbogen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020190","article-title":"Head injury as risk factor for psychiatric disorders: a nationwide register-based follow-up study of 113,906 persons with head injury","volume":"171","author":"Orlovska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.171","article-title":"Stress effects on neuronal structure: hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex","volume":"41","author":"McEwen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.019","article-title":"Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect","volume":"89","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744197","article-title":"The impact of environment on abnormal behavior and mental disease: to alleviate the prevalence of mental disorders, we need to phenotype the environment for risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Ehrenreich","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70379-7","article-title":"Accumulated environmental risk determining age at schizophrenia onset: a deep phenotyping-based study","volume":"1","author":"Stepniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-017-0011-3","article-title":"Uncoupling the widespread occurrence of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies from neuropsychiatric disease in a novel autoimmune model","volume":"24","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.12","article-title":"Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review","volume":"162","author":"Cantor-Graae","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0011","series-title":"Global trends: forced displacement in 2018","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7624","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/538158a","article-title":"The mental-health crisis among migrants","volume":"538","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1083-y","article-title":"Dealing with difference: a scoping review of psychotherapeutic interventions with unaccompanied refugee minors","volume":"27","author":"Demazure","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7110146","article-title":"Promoting mental health in unaccompanied refugee minors: recommendations for primary support programs","volume":"7","author":"El-Awad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104146","article-title":"The mental health and wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs)","volume":"98","author":"von Werthern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.1937","article-title":"Risk of psychosis among refugees: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000243751.49499.93","article-title":"Comparing psychological distress, traumatic stress reactions, and experiences of unaccompanied refugee minors with experiences of adolescents accompanied by parents","volume":"195","author":"Bean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.11.010","article-title":"Course and predictors of mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Netherlands: one year follow-up","volume":"64","author":"Bean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0463-1","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of the mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors","volume":"23","author":"Vervliet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12094","article-title":"The mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors on arrival in the host country","volume":"55","author":"Vervliet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.07.016","article-title":"Mental health problems in separated refugee adolescents","volume":"44","author":"Derluyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"9412","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15734-6","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress in former Ugandan child soldiers","volume":"363","author":"Derluyn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01912.x","article-title":"Risk and resilience for psychological distress amongst unaccompanied asylum seeking adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Hodes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2015.1044946","article-title":"Between power and powerlessness: a meta-ethnography of sources of resilience in young refugees","volume":"21","author":"Sleijpen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.597083","article-title":"Late-onset PTSD in unaccompanied refugee minors: exploring the predictive utility of depression and anxiety symptoms","volume":"40","author":"Smid","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-91","article-title":"The cross-sectional GRAS sample: a comprehensive phenotypical data collection of schizophrenic patients","volume":"10","author":"Ribbe","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199703000-00012","article-title":"Validity of the childhood trauma questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population","volume":"36","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0031","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0032","series-title":"ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0033","series-title":"L-P-S Leistungspr\u00fcfsystem","author":"Horn","year":"1983"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0043-3","article-title":"Violent aggression predicted by multiple pre-adult environmental hits","volume":"24","author":"Mitjans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0035","series-title":"The clinical examination in psychology","author":"Rey","year":"1964"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002944","article-title":"Substance use disorders in refugee and migrant groups in Sweden: a nationwide cohort study of 1.2 million people","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.117.005322","article-title":"Mental health difficulties and suicidal behaviours among young migrants: multicentre study of European adolescents","volume":"3","author":"McMahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.07.037","article-title":"Early-life stress mediated modulation of adult neurogenesis and behavior","volume":"227","author":"Korosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.189","article-title":"Myelination and oligodendrocyte functions in psychiatric diseases","volume":"71","author":"Nave","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["EClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020300894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020300894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:01:37Z","timestamp":1762887697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537020300894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2589537020300894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accumulated environmental risk in young refugees \u2013 A prospective evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"EClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100345","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100345"}}