{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:04:13Z","timestamp":1792854253747,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019593","name":"Saluda Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T08:00:45Z","timestamp":1602576045000},"page":"100572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Coexistent faecal incontinence and constipation: A cross-sectional study of 4027 adults undergoing specialist assessment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Vollebregt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Wiklendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil G","family":"Dinning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.Mark","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031","article-title":"Bowel disorders","volume":"150","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.062","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with fecal incontinence: results from a population-based survey","volume":"154","author":"Menees","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.021","article-title":"Prevalence of Rome IV functional bowel disorders among adults in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom","volume":"158","author":"Palsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.009","article-title":"Functional anorectal disorders","volume":"150","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.040","article-title":"Fecal incontinence diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom","volume":"18","author":"Whitehead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.002","article-title":"Coexistence of constipation and incontinence in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Nurko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.012","article-title":"Pathophysiology of pediatric fecal incontinence","volume":"126","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.098335","article-title":"Prevalence rates for constipation and faecal and urinary incontinence","volume":"92","author":"Loening-Baucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.043620","article-title":"PEG 3350 (Transipeg) versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood functional constipation: a double blind, randomised, controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"53","author":"Voskuijl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.015","article-title":"Functional disorders: children and adolescents","volume":"150","author":"Hyams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204093261507","article-title":"Fecal incontinence","volume":"326","author":"Madoff","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.2.159","article-title":"Does treatment of constipation improve faecal incontinence in institutionalized elderly patients","volume":"29","author":"Chassagne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01399.x","article-title":"Chronic constipation: overview and challenges","volume":"21 Suppl 2","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.055","article-title":"Introduction. Advancing the treatment of fecal and urinary incontinence through research","volume":"126","author":"Whitehead","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00553.x","article-title":"Risk factors for fecal incontinence: a population-based study in women","volume":"101","author":"Bharucha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.056","article-title":"Bowel disturbances are the most important risk factors for late onset fecal incontinence: a population-based case-control study in women","volume":"139","author":"Bharucha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.054","article-title":"Fecal incontinence in US adults: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"137","author":"Whitehead","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056950","article-title":"A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients","volume":"39","author":"Agachan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77","article-title":"Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems","volume":"44","author":"Vaizey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2019.02.011","article-title":"Quality of life in 1870 patients with constipation and\/or fecal incontinence: constipation should not be underestimated","volume":"43","author":"Brochard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001242","article-title":"A quality-of-life comparison of two fecal incontinence phenotypes: isolated fecal incontinence versus concurrent fecal incontinence with constipation","volume":"62","author":"Cauley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-016-2722-3","article-title":"On the prevalence of constipation and fecal incontinence, and their co-occurrence, in the Netherlands","volume":"32","author":"Meinds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92413-8","article-title":"Faecal incontinence: the unvoiced symptom","volume":"1","author":"Leigh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90196-9","article-title":"Damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in chronic constipation","volume":"89","author":"Snooks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","article-title":"Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery","volume":"329","author":"Sultan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32002-6","article-title":"Anal incontinence after caesarean and vaginal delivery in Sweden: a national population-based study","volume":"393","author":"Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0027","first-page":"86","article-title":"A musculo-elastic theory of anorectal function and dysfunction in the female","volume":"27","author":"Petros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pelviperineology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05429.x","article-title":"Sensory retraining is key to biofeedback therapy for formed stool fecal incontinence","volume":"97","author":"Chiarioni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05218-6","article-title":"Long-term results of overlapping anterior anal-sphincter repair for obstetric trauma","volume":"355","author":"Malouf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.227132","article-title":"Effect of laxatives and pharmacological therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01709.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation\u2013a European perspective","volume":"23","author":"Tack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.054","article-title":"Changes in bowel symptoms 1 year after rectocele repair","volume":"207","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13773","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: results II: hitching procedures for the rectum (rectal suspension)","volume":"19 Suppl 3","author":"Grossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001401","article-title":"Long-term Outcome After Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy: an Observational Study of 919 Consecutive Patients","volume":"262","author":"Consten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0035","unstructured":"https:\/\/thepelvicfloorsociety.co.uk\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000267","article-title":"Perceptions of constipation among the general public and people with constipation differ strikingly from those of general and specialist doctors and the Rome IV Criteria","volume":"114","author":"Dimidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020303163?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020303163?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1737761441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537020303163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2589537020303163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Coexistent faecal incontinence and constipation: A cross-sectional study of 4027 adults undergoing specialist assessment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100572","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100572"}}