{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:32:35Z","timestamp":1788561155004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T23:01:30Z","timestamp":1602889290000},"page":"100594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of a novel mobile health (Peek) and education intervention on spectacle wear amongst children in India: Results from a randomized superiority trial in India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Morjaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bastawrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekala Jayanthi","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh Raj","family":"Pallepogula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalluri","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.004","article-title":"How genetic is school myopia?","volume":"24","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.102277","article-title":"Inferring myopia over the lifecourse from uncorrected distance visual acuity in childhood","volume":"91","author":"Cumberland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210","article-title":"Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004","volume":"86","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9827","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307724","article-title":"Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention","volume":"100","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000233","article-title":"Environmental factors and myopia: paradoxes and prospects for prevention","volume":"5","author":"Rose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.035","article-title":"Risk factors for incident myopia in Australian schoolchildren: the Sydney adolescent vascular and eye study","volume":"120","author":"French","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10803","article-title":"Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical Trial","volume":"314","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.020","article-title":"The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Sherwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.009","article-title":"Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children","volume":"120","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13403","article-title":"Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3109\/09286580903450320","article-title":"The role of vision in academic school performance","volume":"17","author":"Dirani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g5740","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5740","article-title":"Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"349","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318204509b","article-title":"Child development and refractive errors in preschool children","volume":"88","author":"Ibironke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.12.419","article-title":"Future problems of uncorrected refractive errors in children","volume":"159","author":"Kilic-Toprak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(98)90038-6","article-title":"A new school-based program to provide eyeglasses: childsight","volume":"2","author":"Pizzarello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0019","first-page":"205","article-title":"School eye screening and the national program for control of blindness","volume":"46","author":"Jose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2011.11.002","article-title":"School-based approaches to the correction of refractive error in children","volume":"57","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morjaria P., McMormick I., Gilbert C. Compliance and predictors of spectacle wear in schoolchildren and reasons for non-wear: a review of the literature. [Review]. In press 2018.","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2019.1628282"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.99996","article-title":"Spectacle compliance amongst rural secondary school children in Pune district, India","volume":"61","author":"Gogate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.119198","article-title":"Two strategies for correcting refractive errors in school students in Tanzania: randomised comparison, with implications for screening programmes","volume":"92","author":"Wedner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.95872","article-title":"Screening for visual impairment: outcome among schoolchildren in a rural area of Delhi","volume":"60","author":"Rustagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0895","article-title":"Factors associated with spectacle-wear compliance in school-aged Mexican children","volume":"47","author":"Castanon Holguin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.004","article-title":"A randomized, clinical trial evaluating ready-made and custom spectacles delivered via a school-based screening program in China","volume":"116","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2008.00323.x","article-title":"Promoting healthy vision in students: progress and challenges in policy, programs, and research","volume":"78","author":"Ethan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0641","article-title":"Spectacle wear among children in a school-based program for ready-made vs custom-made spectacles in India: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"135","author":"Morjaria","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.016","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of an educational intervention to promote spectacle use in rural China: the see well to learn well study","volume":"118","author":"Congdon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"98","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0030","first-page":"34","article-title":"Helpful developments and technologies for school eye health programmes","volume":"30","author":"Morjaria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Eye health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.1468","article-title":"Development and validation of a smartphone-based visual acuity test (peek acuity) for clinical practice and community-based fieldwork","volume":"133","author":"Bastawrous","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e924","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30244-4","article-title":"Smartphone-based screening for visual impairment in Kenyan school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Rono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1888-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of a novel mobile health education intervention (Peek) on spectacle wear among children in India: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Morjaria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.10.001","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"10","author":"Moher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.6906","article-title":"Predictors of spectacle wear and reasons for nonwear in students randomized to ready-made or custom-made spectacles: results of secondary objectives from a randomized noninferiority trial","volume":"137","author":"Morjaria","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.95872","article-title":"Screening for visual impairment: outcome among schoolchildren in a rural area of Delhi","volume":"60","author":"Rustagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8598.133110","article-title":"Factors associated with spectacle-wear compliance among school children of 7-15 years in South India","volume":"4","author":"Pavithra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510064","article-title":"The primary outcome fails - what next?","volume":"375","author":"Pocock","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0039","article-title":"Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school-age children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Datab Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-4046(06)60065-1","article-title":"System, environmental, and policy changes: using the social-ecological model as a framework for evaluating nutrition education and social marketing programs with low-income audiences","volume":"33","author":"Gregson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ"}],"container-title":["EClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020303382?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537020303382?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:03:24Z","timestamp":1762887804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537020303382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2589537020303382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of a novel mobile health (Peek) and education intervention on spectacle wear amongst children in India: Results from a randomized superiority trial in India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"EClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100594","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100594"}}