{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T16:54:40Z","timestamp":1775494480225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T23:31:54Z","timestamp":1623972714000},"page":"100967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection\u00a0and COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Crafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4599-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Cannarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosita A.","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Mongio\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Aversa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"La Vignera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo E.","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review","volume":"324","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0002","unstructured":"WHO 2021. Available on https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. Last access April\/19\/2021."},{"issue":"6534","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg9461","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy probable against COVID-19 variants","volume":"371","author":"Luchsinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1198","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1198","article-title":"Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death","volume":"368","author":"Jordan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082948","article-title":"Sex-specific SARS-CoV-2 mortality: among hormone-modulated ACE2 expression, risk of venous thromboembolism and hypovitaminosis D","volume":"21","author":"La Vignera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10229","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"HLH across speciality collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression","volume":"395","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1","article-title":"The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Holick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520001749","article-title":"Scientific Strabismus' or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency","volume":"124","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141816","article-title":"Sunlight ultraviolet radiation dose is negatively correlated with the percent positive of SARS-CoV-2 and four other common human coronaviruses in the U.S","volume":"751","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.193","article-title":"COVID-19 fatalities, latitude, sunlight, and vitamin D","volume":"48","author":"Whittemore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0012","series-title":"Vitamin D decency in critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID -19. Are we doing enough? a retrospective analysis of 226 patients","author":"Cu\u00f1at","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daneshkhah A., Agrawal V., Eshein A., Subramanian H., Roy H.K., Backman V. The possible role of vitamin d in suppressing cytokine storm and associated mortality in COVID-19 patients. Pre-print. medRxiv. Available on doi: 10.1101\/2020.04.08.20058578. Last access 5\/5\/ 2021","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.08.20058578"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0014","article-title":"Vitamin D status and seroconversion for COVID-19 in UK healthcare workers","volume":"10","author":"Faniyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28176","article-title":"COVID-19 in Parkinson's disease patients living in Lombardy","volume":"35","author":"Fasano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Italy. Mov Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.10.008","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and hypovitaminosis D in elderly with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"40","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02372-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank","volume":"60","author":"Hastie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01570-8","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality","volume":"32","author":"Ilie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239252","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels","volume":"15","author":"Kaufman","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722","article-title":"Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results","volume":"3","author":"Meltzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107001","article-title":"Lower levels of vitamin D are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality in the Indian population: an observational study","volume":"88","author":"Padhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00277-w","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among patients with COVID-19: case series and recent literature review","volume":"48","author":"Pinzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11287","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103526","article-title":"Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0024","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Interaction between age and vitamin D deficiency in severe COVID-19 infection","volume":"37","author":"Macaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239799","article-title":"Vitamin D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30ng\/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection","volume":"15","author":"Maghbooli","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendy A., Apewokin S., Wells A.A., Morrow A.L. Factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically diverse population of COVID-19 patients. medRxiv. 2020:2020.06.25.20137323. Pre-Print","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.25.20137323"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26726","article-title":"The association between the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D, obesity, and underlying diseases with the risk of developing COVID-19 infection: a case-control study of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran","volume":"93","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0028","article-title":"Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19","author":"Baktash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa069","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Chodick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051359","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are lower in patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"D'Avolio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.050","article-title":"Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK biobank","volume":"14","author":"Hastie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0032","first-page":"dgaa733","article-title":"Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.018","article-title":"Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19","volume":"100","author":"Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa332","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency is inversely associated with COVID-19 incidence and disease severity in Chinese people","volume":"151","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198148","article-title":"Association of vitamin D with the modulation of the disease severity in COVID-19","volume":"289","author":"Mardani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15495","article-title":"Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study","volume":"287","author":"Merzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa095","article-title":"Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: study of 1326 cases from the UK Biobank","volume":"42","author":"Raisi-Estabragh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0038","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does serum vitamin D level affect COVID-19 infection and its severity?-a case-control study","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Colloids Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alipio M. Vitamin d supplementation could possibly improve clinical outcomes of patients infected with coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Pre-print. Available on https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3571484. Last Access 5\/5\/ 2021","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3571484"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0040","first-page":"381","article-title":"Serum 25(OH)D level on hospital admission associated with COVID-19 stage and mortality","volume":"155","author":"De Smet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J ClinPathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0041","first-page":"84","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency and ARDS after SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"113","author":"Faul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77093-z","article-title":"Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers","volume":"10","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.22625\/2072-6732-2020-12-3-21-27","article-title":"Serum 25(OH)D level in patients with CoVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Karonova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infectol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.70027","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship of serum vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients with clinical course and prognosis","volume":"68","author":"Kerget","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau F.H., Majumder R., Torabi R. et\u00a0al. Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in severe COVID-19 Available on https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.24.20075838v1. Last access 5\/5\/ 2021","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.24.20075838"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14276","article-title":"Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with greater disease severity","volume":"93","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2020","journal-title":"ClinEndocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092775","article-title":"Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19-A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry","volume":"12","author":"Pizzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092757","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and outcome of COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Radujkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible association of vitamin D status with lung involvement and outcome in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study","author":"Abrishami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2020.100064","article-title":"Serum levels of vitamin c and vitamin D in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients of a north American community hospital intensive care unit in May 2020: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Arvinte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Drug Discov"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123773","article-title":"Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on admission to the intensive care unit may predispose covid-19 pneumonia patients to a higher 28-day mortality risk: a pilot study on a Greek ICU cohort","volume":"12","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0052","article-title":"NUTRI-COVID19 IRCCS San Matteo Pavia Collaborative Group.Vitamin D 25OH deficiency in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital","author":"Cereda","year":"2020","journal-title":"ClinNutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D Status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients","volume":"30","author":"Szeto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiencyas a predictor of poorprognosis in patients with acute respiratoryfailure due to COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Carpagnano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raharusuna P., Priambada S., Budiarti C., Erdie A., Budi C. Patterns of COVID-19 mortality and vitamin D: an Indonesian Study. Available at SSRN 3585561, 2020 - tekinvestor.no. Last access 5\/5\/2021","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3585561"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"350","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0059","unstructured":"NIH. Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Available on https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools. Last access March\/5\/ 2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0060","series-title":"Quality assessment of case-control studies","year":"2021"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113377","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation associated to better survival in hospitalized frail elderly COVID-19 Patients: the GERIA-COVID Quasi-experimental study","volume":"12","author":"Annweiler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105771","article-title":"Vitamin D and survival in COVID-19 patients: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"204","author":"Annweiler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111055","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from the outbreak area of Lombardy, Italy","volume":"82","author":"Cereda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751","article-title":"\"Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study\"","volume":"203","author":"Entrenas Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123799","article-title":"High-dose cholecalciferol booster therapy is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional multi-centre observational study","volume":"12","author":"Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e485","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001222","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients: a clinical case series","volume":"27","author":"Ohaegbulam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0067","article-title":"Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study)","volume":"12","author":"Rastogi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111017","article-title":"Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B(12) in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"79-80","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvz038","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz038","article-title":"Vitamin D: newer concepts of its metabolism and function at the basic and clinical level","volume":"4","author":"Bikle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173020","article-title":"Acute respiratory tract infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"356","author":"Martineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26848","article-title":"Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Murai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0073","series-title":"Vitamin D for COVID-19: evidence reviews for the use of vitamin D supplementation as prevention and treatment of COVID-19","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassatne A., Basbous M., Chakhtoura M. et\u00a0al. The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2021;119:154753. doi: 10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154753.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154753"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13968","article-title":"Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"1430","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.07.002","article-title":"Global Overview of Vitamin D Status","volume":"46","author":"van Schoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0736","article-title":"Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society","volume":"180","author":"Lips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.028","article-title":"Vitamin D: a magic bullet or a myth?","volume":"39","author":"Reijven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.12.008","article-title":"Does serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D decrease during acute-phase response? A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010052","article-title":"25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration is not affected by severe or non-severe pneumonia, or inflammation, in young children","volume":"9","author":"Haugen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090819","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels modulate the acute-phase response associated with the first nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate infusion","volume":"25","author":"Bertoldo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30357-1","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal disorders: a systematic review of meta-analyses and randomized trials","volume":"5","author":"Autier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101168","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000}}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537021002479?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537021002479?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:05:26Z","timestamp":1762887926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537021002479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S2589537021002479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection\u00a0and COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100967","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100967"}}