{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:13:30Z","timestamp":1790208810513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004326","name":"Simon Fraser University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T19:35:56Z","timestamp":1643744156000},"page":"101277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Traumatic brain injury in precariously housed persons: Incidence and risks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Tiffany A.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Panenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob L.","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charanveer S.","family":"Sahota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3185-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tari","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linwan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X. Joan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Loken","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Gicas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra T.","family":"Vertinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manraj K.","family":"Heran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. William","family":"MacEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair M.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Honer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen E.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12111439","article-title":"The Hotel Study: Multimorbidity in a community sample living in marginal housing","volume":"170","author":"Vila-Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-011-0283-3","article-title":"The health and housing in transition study: A longitudinal study of the health of homeless and vulnerably housed adults in three Canadian cities","volume":"56","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008876","article-title":"Mortality from treatable illnesses in marginally housed adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9953","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","article-title":"The health of homeless people in high-income countries: Descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations","volume":"384","author":"Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000262","article-title":"Incidence and associated risk factors of traumatic brain injury in a cohort of homeless and vulnerably housed adults in 3 Canadian cities","volume":"32","author":"Nikoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30188-4","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in homeless and marginally housed individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Stubbs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Heal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.290","article-title":"The international incidence of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1059","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury among people who are homeless: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Topolovec-Vranic","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2014.963519","article-title":"Neurocognitive profiles of marginally housed persons with comorbid substance dependence, viral infection, and psychiatric illness","volume":"36","author":"Gicas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/8.5.461","article-title":"A note concerning misconceptions of the general public about brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Willer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5076","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in a community-based cohort of homeless and vulnerably housed individuals","volume":"34","author":"Schmitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.3","article-title":"Cognitive decline and mortality in a community-based sample of homeless and precariously housed adults: 9-year prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Gicas","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000300227.67748.77","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method","volume":"22","author":"Corrigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2938","article-title":"Progress in developing common data elements for traumatic brain injury research: Version Two-the end of the beginning","volume":"30","author":"Hicks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023877","article-title":"Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: The WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med Suppl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000099","article-title":"Screening for traumatic brain injury: Findings and public health implications","volume":"29","author":"Dams-O'Connor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0017","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed.)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0018","series-title":"Best Estimate Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis Form (BECED)","author":"Endicott","year":"1988"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0019","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9312185711.x","article-title":"The Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP): A brief instrument for assessing treatment outcome","volume":"93","author":"Marsden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0021","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","author":"Venegas","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0022","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Hopkins Verbal Learning Test","author":"Belkonen","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0023","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","first-page":"2404","article-title":"Stroop Color Word Test (adult)","author":"Rozenblatt","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199604)11:4<329::AID-GPS453>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric applications of CANTAB","volume":"11","author":"Fray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00756338","article-title":"Assessing levels of adaptive functioning: The Role Functioning Scale","volume":"29","author":"Goodman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6216","article-title":"Handling of missing outcome data in traumatic brain injury research: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Richter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581","article-title":"Inference and missing data","volume":"63","author":"Rubin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing values was not necessary before performing a longitudinal mixed-model analysis","volume":"66","author":"Twisk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0029","first-page":"1373","article-title":"A simulation study of the number of events per variable recommended in multivariable regression analyses","volume":"49","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"RECORD Working Committee. The reporting of Studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-Collected health Data (RECORD) statement","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment insturments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2010","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9570-3","article-title":"Health and role functioning: the use of focus groups in the development of an item bank","volume":"19","author":"Anatchkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537022000074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537022000074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:08:34Z","timestamp":1762888114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537022000074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2589537022000074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Traumatic brain injury in precariously housed persons: Incidence and risks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101277","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101277"}}