{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T15:50:18Z","timestamp":1794066618517,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005326","name":"Yale University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T12:43:13Z","timestamp":1691066593000},"page":"102127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-9273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stevan","family":"Nikolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schwaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anees","family":"Bahji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Carlos","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv124","article-title":"Effects of low-dose and very low-dose ketamine among patients with major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00097-z","article-title":"Efficacy of single and repeated administration of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"72","author":"Kryst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.030","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Bahji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.01.003","article-title":"Ketamine as a novel treatment for major depressive disorder and bipolar depression: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05825-8","article-title":"Efficacy of ketamine for major depressive episodes at 2, 4, and 6-weeks post-treatment: a meta-analysis","volume":"238","author":"Conley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S117146","article-title":"Efficacy of ketamine in the rapid treatment of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.032","article-title":"Meta-analysis of short-and mid-term efficacy of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression","volume":"230","author":"Romeo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.050","article-title":"The effect of intravenous, intranasal, and oral ketamine\/esketamine in mood disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial","author":"Loo","year":"2023","journal-title":"B J Psych"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4786-3","article-title":"Impact of oral ketamine augmentation on hospital admissions in treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: a retrospective study","volume":"235","author":"Hartberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12572","article-title":"Placebo-controlled pilot trial testing dose titration and intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes for ketamine in depression","volume":"134","author":"Loo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.06.007","article-title":"Pilot randomized controlled trial of titrated subcutaneous ketamine in older patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"25","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.8.856","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"63","author":"Zarate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized add-on trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant bipolar depression","volume":"67","author":"Diazgranados","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.10.008","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant in elderly patients with treatment-resistant depression\u2014TRANSFORM-3","volume":"28","author":"Ochs-Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19020172","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray combined with a newly initiated oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized double-blind active-controlled study","volume":"176","author":"Popova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30272-9","article-title":"Side-effects associated with ketamine use in depression: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003","article-title":"Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03047-z","article-title":"Influence of formulation and route of administration on ketamine's safety and tolerability: systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Glue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00377-8","article-title":"Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis","volume":"54","author":"Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib26","series-title":"Computing RFfS","article-title":"A\u00a0language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib27","series-title":"GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (The GRADE Working Group)","author":"Schunemann","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.010","article-title":"Replication of ketamine's antidepressant efficacy in bipolar depression: a randomized controlled add-on trial","volume":"71","author":"Zarate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13030392","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: a two-site randomized controlled trial","volume":"170","author":"Murrough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib30","first-page":"101","article-title":"Relationship of ketamine's antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects in unipolar depression","volume":"34","author":"Sos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.922697","article-title":"Pilot dose\u2013response trial of iv ketamine in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.03.026","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of intranasal ketamine in major depressive disorder","volume":"76","author":"Lapidus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.03.006","article-title":"Comparing the actions of lanicemine and ketamine in depression: key role of the anterior cingulate","volume":"26","author":"Downey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002159","article-title":"Single iv ketamine augmentation of newly initiated escitalopram for major depression: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled 4-week study","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23085","article-title":"The effects of low-dose ketamine on the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010037","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-frequency study of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"173","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.10.018","article-title":"Intravenous esketamine in adult treatment-resistant depression: a double-blind, double-randomization, placebo-controlled study","volume":"80","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12487","article-title":"Ketamine versus midazolam in bipolar depression with suicidal thoughts: a pilot midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17060647","article-title":"Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Grunebaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.94","article-title":"Dose-related effects of adjunctive ketamine in Taiwanese patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.056","article-title":"Does oral administration of ketamine accelerate response to treatment in major depressive disorder? Results of a double-blind controlled trial","volume":"235","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17060720","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine for the rapid reduction of symptoms of depression and suicidality in patients at imminent risk for suicide: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"175","author":"Canuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2877651","article-title":"Identifying ketamine responses in treatment-resistant depression using a wearable forehead EEG","volume":"66","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.008","article-title":"Persistent antidepressant effect of low-dose ketamine and activation in the supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized control study","volume":"225","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3739","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine adjunctive to oral antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0256-5","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of intravenous ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD)","volume":"25","author":"Fava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118760660","article-title":"Repeated intranasal ketamine for treatment-resistant depression\u2013the way to go? Results from a pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"G\u00e1lvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0028-2","article-title":"Ketamine has distinct electrophysiological and behavioral effects in depressed and healthy subjects","volume":"24","author":"Nugent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.196","article-title":"Repeated oral ketamine for out-patient treatment of resistant depression: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study","volume":"214","author":"Domany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyz039","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose esketamine nasal spray combined with a new oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: results of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study (TRANSFORM-1)","volume":"22","author":"Fedgchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.037","article-title":"Repeat-dose ketamine augmentation for treatment-resistant depression with chronic suicidal ideation: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"243","author":"Ionescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070834","article-title":"Single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22975","article-title":"Ketamine for acute suicidal ideation. An emergency department intervention: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial","volume":"37","author":"Domany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m13191","article-title":"Esketamine nasal spray for rapid reduction of major depressive disorder symptoms in patients who have active suicidal ideation with intent: double-blind, randomized study (ASPIRE I)","volume":"81","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13211","article-title":"Assessment of relationship of ketamine dose with magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Glx and GABA responses in adults with major depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Milak","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00897-0","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, active placebo-controlled study of efficacy, safety, and durability of repeated vs single subanesthetic ketamine for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"10","author":"Shiroma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib57","first-page":"45","article-title":"Ketamine enhances visual sensory evoked potential long-term potentiation in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Sumner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0844-4","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized placebo-controlled PET study of ketamine' s effect on serotonin1B receptor binding in patients with SSRI-resistant depression","volume":"10","author":"Tiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20010018","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous ketamine in adolescent treatment-resistant depression: a randomized midazolam-controlled trial","volume":"178","author":"Dwyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa068","article-title":"Esketamine nasal spray for rapid reduction of depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder who have active suicide ideation with intent: results of a phase 3, double-blind, randomized study (ASPIRE II)","volume":"24","author":"Ionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01242-9","article-title":"Identification of an optimal dose of intravenous ketamine for late-life treatment-resistant depression: a Bayesian adaptive randomization trial","volume":"47","author":"Lijffijt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03538-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fixed doses of intranasal Esketamine as an add-on therapy to Oral antidepressants in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: a phase 2b randomized clinical study","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.073","article-title":"Ketamine augmentation for major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation: preliminary experience in an inpatient psychiatry setting","volume":"241","author":"Sinyor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13182.1","article-title":"Ketamine as an adjunctive therapy for major depression-a randomised controlled pragmatic pilot trial (Karma-Dep Trial)","volume":"3","author":"Gallagher","year":"2020","journal-title":"HRB Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.005","article-title":"Antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression associated with psychiatric and personality comorbidities: a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"325","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.086","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy using esketamine or racemic ketamine for adult treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study","volume":"264","author":"Correia-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30533-4","article-title":"Approval of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-016-0081-2","article-title":"Risks associated with misuse of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"issue":"7604","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17998","article-title":"NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites","volume":"533","author":"Zanos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.11.033","article-title":"R\u00a0(\u2212)-ketamine shows greater potency and longer lasting antidepressant effects than S (+)-ketamine","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1933434","article-title":"Blinding and expectancy confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023003048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023003048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:20:37Z","timestamp":1762899637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537023003048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S2589537023003048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102127"}}