{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:59:55Z","timestamp":1789016395870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T17:07:53Z","timestamp":1702055273000},"page":"102330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["COVID-19 outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait compared with individuals without sickle cell disease or trait: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7062-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Michelon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maysa","family":"Vilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Silveira","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Lino","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Fernandes","family":"Lorea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Castonguay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thai Hoa","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Fort\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.02.007","article-title":"COVID-19: mechanisms, risk factors, genetics, non-coding RNAs and neurologic impairments","volume":"8","author":"Gilyazova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2021.10.006","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and body weight: a deleterious liaison in a J-curve relationship","volume":"15","author":"Manolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012838","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease","volume":"14","author":"Sundd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282194","article-title":"Severe pandemic H1N1 and seasonal influenza in children and young adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"116","author":"Strouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23030","article-title":"The impact of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic on pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: H1N1 influenza and sickle cell disease","volume":"57","author":"George","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100911","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait: a critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Hoogenboom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003741","article-title":"COVID-19 in individuals with sickle cell disease\/trait compared with other Black individuals","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.160","article-title":"Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications","volume":"2015","author":"Naik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.449","article-title":"Sickle cell disease patients with COVID-19 in guadeloupe: surprisingly favorable outcomes","volume":"3","author":"Bernit","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003456","article-title":"Clinical predictors of poor outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 infection","volume":"5","author":"Minniti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.87","article-title":"Low morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 in sickle cell disease: a single center experience","volume":"1","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757510","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.757510","article-title":"COVID-19 and hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review of clinical presentations, investigations, and outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144226","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1144226","article-title":"Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review","volume":"10","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382","article-title":"COVID-19 outcomes in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait","volume":"35","author":"Christian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29075","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and COVID-19: susceptibility and severity","volume":"68","author":"Sayad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/03630269.2021.1927751","article-title":"Incidence rate of COVID-19 infection in hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Haghpanah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-1375","article-title":"Sickle cell disorders and severe COVID-19 outcomes: a cohort study","volume":"174","author":"Clift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2141","article-title":"Association of kidney comorbidities and acute kidney failure with unfavorable outcomes after COVID-19 in individuals with the sickle cell trait","volume":"182","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002671","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and outcomes in newborn screening cohorts of sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease in Michigan and Georgia","volume":"45","author":"Paulukonis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01381-z","article-title":"Conducting proportional meta-analysis in different types of systematic reviews: a guide for synthesisers of evidence","volume":"21","author":"Barker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib22","series-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib23","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib24","series-title":"GRADEpro GDT: GRADEpro guideline development tool","year":"2022"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004288","article-title":"Comorbidities are risk factors for hospitalization and serious COVID-19 illness in children and adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"5","author":"Mucalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e632","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30204-0","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19: a French experience","volume":"7","author":"Arlet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa072","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in children cared for at Texas children's hospital: initial clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib28","first-page":"2950","article-title":"The wide spectrum of COVID-19 clinical presentation in children","volume":"9","author":"Nathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib29","first-page":"5044","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations among school-aged children in Scotland: a national incident cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glob Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e938","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1666","article-title":"Clinical experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u2013related illness in children: hospital experience in cape town, South Africa","volume":"72","author":"van der Zalm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01627-9","article-title":"Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year","volume":"28","author":"Ward","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.170","article-title":"Is sickle cell disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients? A multicenter national retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Abdulrahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-148846","article-title":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) as a risk for COVI19 compared to those without SCD among patients admitted in a large urban center, as estimated by PCR sars-v-2 positive vs negative testing","volume":"138","author":"Adamkiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00517-7","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia","volume":"26","author":"Alhumaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib35","first-page":"7361","article-title":"COVID-19 and sickle cell disease in the province of quebec, Canada: outcomes after two years of the pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Castonguay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279222","article-title":"Individuals with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait demonstrate no increase in mortality or critical illness from COVID-19 - a fifteen hospital observational study in the Bronx, New York","volume":"106","author":"Hoogenboom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004977","article-title":"Impact of sickle cell trait on morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"5","author":"Merz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-138794","article-title":"Children and young adults admitted to a NYC children's hospital had a similar rate of severe COVID-19 coagulopathy as that reported in older adults","volume":"136","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1657","article-title":"Association of sickle cell trait with risk and mortality of COVID-19: results from the United Kingdom Biobank","volume":"105","author":"Resurreccion","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04549-1","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical course of COVID-19 infection in sickle cell disease patients with healthcare professionals","volume":"100","author":"Bo\u011fa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib41","article-title":"Sickle cell disease is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Goyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.01.001","article-title":"Emergency department visits made by patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"38","author":"Yusuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/anr3.12017","article-title":"An elevated creatine kinase in the context of influenza a infection and sickle cell trait","volume":"7","author":"Bamber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib44","series-title":"Sickle cell trait","author":"Ashorobi","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13257","article-title":"Performance of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes for identifying children with Sickle Cell Anemia","volume":"55","author":"Reeves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023005072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023005072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:24:03Z","timestamp":1762899843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537023005072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2589537023005072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"COVID-19 outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait compared with individuals without sickle cell disease or trait: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102330","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102330"}}