{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:16:17Z","timestamp":1793646977583,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB 38040200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB 38040200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KQTD20190929172835662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQTD20190929172835662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T04:42:44Z","timestamp":1705812164000},"page":"102371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Constipation preceding depression: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Qingping","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-90","article-title":"Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode","volume":"9","author":"Bromet","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00014-5","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01593-5","article-title":"The level and prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with different subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome: a network meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300223","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in people with inflammatory bowel disease and associated healthcare use: population-based cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Irving","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid Base Ment Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib6","article-title":"The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on daily functioning: characterizing and understanding daily consequences of IBS","volume":"29","author":"Ballou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.03.046","article-title":"Chronic diarrhea and constipation are more common in depressed individuals","volume":"17","author":"Ballou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2022.038","article-title":"Relationship between depression and constipation: results from a large cross-sectional study in adults","volume":"80","author":"Adibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110266","article-title":"Gastrointestinal side effects associated with antidepressant treatments in patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Oliva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5013","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235013","article-title":"Association between depression, anxiety symptoms and gut microbiota in Chinese elderly with functional constipation","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000517953","article-title":"Prodromal symptoms in depression: a systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Benasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300474","article-title":"The brain--gut pathway in functional gastrointestinal disorders is bidirectional: a 12-year prospective population-based study","volume":"61","author":"Koloski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0474-5","article-title":"Peripheral cytokine levels and response to antidepressant treatment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2016.69","article-title":"Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology?","volume":"30","author":"Leonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0421","article-title":"Implication of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the physiopathology of depression","volume":"29","author":"Barden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.04.009","article-title":"Do interactions between stress and immune responses lead to symptom exacerbations in irritable bowel syndrome?","volume":"25","author":"O'Malley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.026","article-title":"Risk of Parkinson's disease following severe constipation: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib19","series-title":"BNF 80: September 2020-March 2021","author":"Committee","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.02.043","article-title":"Occupational characteristics and incident anxiety and depression: a prospective cohort study of 206,790 participants","volume":"329","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12963","article-title":"Muscle strength and incidence of depression and anxiety: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Cabanas-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l1476","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1476","article-title":"Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"365","author":"Levis","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01306-w","article-title":"Polygenic risk score, healthy lifestyles, and risk of incident depression","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003522","article-title":"Nutrition and lifestyle in relation to bowel movement frequency: a cross-sectional study of 20630 men and women in EPIC-Oxford","volume":"7","author":"Sanjoaquin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Publ Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105051","article-title":"Mechanism of the association between sleep quality and mortality in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective study analysis of the UK Biobank","volume":"113","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.019","article-title":"Socioeconomic deprivation index is associated with psychiatric disorders: an observational and genome-wide gene-by-environment interaction analysis in the UK biobank cohort","volume":"89","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9879","article-title":"Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia","volume":"322","author":"Lourida","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0200-2","article-title":"Comorbid depression in medical diseases","volume":"6","author":"Gold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0063-2","article-title":"Anticholinergic drug use, serum anticholinergic activity, and adverse drug events among older people: a population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Lampela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.106024","article-title":"The association between cardiovascular drugs and depression\/anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib32","first-page":"148","article-title":"Prescription opioid analgesics increase risk of major depression: new evidence, plausible neurobiological mechanisms and management to achieve depression prophylaxis","volume":"111","author":"Semenkovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30199-2","article-title":"Chronic constipation: new insights, better outcomes?","volume":"4","author":"Schiller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7497","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7497.960","article-title":"Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 2. Assessing potential for confounding","volume":"330","author":"Mamdani","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1702","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207081","article-title":"Association between regular laxative use and incident dementia in UK biobank participants","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021","article-title":"Constipation and risk\u00a0of death and cardiovascular events","volume":"281","author":"Sumida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2022.038","article-title":"Relationship between depression and constipation: results from a large cross-sectional study in adults","volume":"80","author":"Adibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04520-8","article-title":"Constipation is associated with depression of any severity, but not with suicidal ideation: insights from a large cross-sectional study","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.7.823","article-title":"Prodromal symptoms in affective disorders","volume":"148","author":"Fava","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00191-8","article-title":"Depression in a primary care clinic: the prevalence and impact of an unrecognized disorder","volume":"55","author":"McQuaid","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833ad70b","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhood and depressive symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Paczkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.009","article-title":"Multimorbidity and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Read","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.131","article-title":"Screening for depression in primary care with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): a systematic review","volume":"279","author":"Costantini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S128584","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in depression: current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023005485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537023005485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:24:44Z","timestamp":1762899884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537023005485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S2589537023005485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Constipation preceding depression: a population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102371","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102371"}}