{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:41:45Z","timestamp":1787064105188,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020013","name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T20:55:01Z","timestamp":1748638501000},"page":"103253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Community-based testing of migrants for infectious diseases (COMBAT-ID): observational cohort study measuring the effectiveness of routine testing for infectious diseases among migrants attending primary care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen C.","family":"Eborall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Gohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Fahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranabashis","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Toovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Sanganee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Trevithick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib2","series-title":"International migration, England and Wales: census 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib3","series-title":"Country of birth dataset, census 2021. Dataset ID: TS004","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib4","series-title":"Migrant health guide [collection]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib5","series-title":"National quarterly report of tuberculosis in England: quarter 2, 2024, provisional data","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib6","series-title":"HIV annual data tables","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib7","series-title":"Hepatitis B in England \u2013 2023 report. Working to eliminate hepatitis B as a public health threat. Data to end of 2021","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib8","series-title":"UK Health Security Agency Research and analysis. Hepatitis C in England 2023: working to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health problem","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib9","series-title":"Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European region: no public health without refugee and migrant health","year":"2018"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12070","article-title":"Quality of HIV care in the United Kingdom: key indicators for the first 12 months from HIV diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Delpech","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.118133","article-title":"Increase in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales 1999-2006","volume":"64","author":"Kruijshaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib12","series-title":"Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib13","series-title":"Tuberculosis: clinical diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, and measures for its prevention and control","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70069-X","article-title":"Screening of immigrants in the UK for imported latent tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"11","author":"Pareek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib15","series-title":"Tuberculosis. NICE Guideline No. 33. ISBN-13: 978-1-4731-5741-5","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib16","series-title":"Policy paper: Tuberculosis (TB): action plan for England, 2021 to 2026","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib17","series-title":"HIV testing: increasing uptake among people who may have undiagnosed HIV. NICE guideline [NG60]","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib18","series-title":"BHIVA\/BASHH\/BIA adult HIV testing guidelines 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib19","series-title":"HIV: testing","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib20","series-title":"Case-finding for hepatitis B and C virus infection in minority ethnic populations in the United Kingdom","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib21","series-title":"Royal College of General Practitioners. Guidance for the prevention, testing, treatment and management of hepatitis C in primary care","author":"Ford","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib22","series-title":"National quarterly report of tuberculosis in England: quarter 3, 2023 provisional data","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib23","series-title":"Policy paper. Towards zero: the HIV action plan for England - 2022 to 2025","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib24","series-title":"Policy paper: tuberculosis (TB): action plan for England, 2021 to 2026","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib25","series-title":"Guidance: tuberculosis (TB): migrant health guide","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib26","series-title":"Collaborative tuberculosis strategy for England 2015 to 2020","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib27","series-title":"Public health guidance on screening and vaccination for infectious diseases in newly arrived migrants within the EU\/EEA","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100315","article-title":"Integrated screening of migrants for multiple infectious diseases: qualitative study of a city-wide programme","volume":"21","author":"Eborall","year":"2020","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029188","volume":"9","author":"Pareek","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib30","series-title":"Latent TB testing and treatment for migrants: a practical guide for commissioners and practitioners","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1125-4","article-title":"Infectious disease testing of UK-bound refugees: a population-based, cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Crawshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004087","article-title":"Infections in asymptomatic unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in London 2016-2022","volume":"42","author":"Eisen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0657-2","article-title":"Screening for latent TB, HIV, and hepatitis B\/C in new migrants in a high prevalence area of London, UK: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0356","article-title":"Exploring awareness and prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in a UK based Nepali population - lessons learned for future models in engaging migrant communities","volume":"23","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.059","article-title":"Improving uptake of hepatitis B and hepatitis C testing in South Asian migrants in community and faith settings using educational interventions-A prospective descriptive study","volume":"100","author":"Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.12.012","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening, linkage and retention-in-care in inclusion health populations: evaluation of an outreach screening programme in London","volume":"88","author":"Martyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318077","article-title":"Screening for infection in unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people","volume":"105","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30318-2","article-title":"Case finding and therapy for chronic viral hepatitis in primary care (HepFREE): a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Flanagan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051381","article-title":"The sexual health of female sex workers compared with other women in England: analysis of cross-sectional data from genitourinary medicine clinics","volume":"90","author":"Mc Grath-Lone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib40","series-title":"Research and analysis: emergency department bloodborne virus opt-out testing: 12-month interim report 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib41","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib42","series-title":"The end TB strategy","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220161","article-title":"Outcomes from a national screening program for Ukrainian refugees at risk of drug resistant tuberculosis in Wales","volume":"79","author":"Barry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib46","first-page":"taab100","article-title":"Improving the detection of infectious diseases in at-risk migrants with an innovative integrated multi-infection screening digital decision support tool (IS-MiHealth) in primary care: a pilot cluster-randomized-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Sequeira-Aymar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03713-4","article-title":"Health Catch-UP!: a realist evaluation of an innovative multi-disease screening and vaccination tool in UK primary care for at-risk migrant patients","volume":"22","author":"Carter","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025001853?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025001853?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:53:04Z","timestamp":1760215984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537025001853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S2589537025001853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Community-based testing of migrants for infectious diseases (COMBAT-ID): observational cohort study measuring the effectiveness of routine testing for infectious diseases among migrants attending primary care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103253","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103253"}}