{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:46:23Z","timestamp":1791481583930,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222490\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222490\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:37:26Z","timestamp":1761237446000},"page":"103590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of vision impairment and hearing impairment with encounters in the criminal justice system among children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mapa Prabhath","family":"Piyasena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Malcolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Coghlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolvix","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9960-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Virgili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ving Fai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Emmett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie-Anne","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Fazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9866-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Congdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10224","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32540-1","article-title":"A future for the world's children? A WHO-UNICEF lancet commission","volume":"395","author":"Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10104","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30872-3","article-title":"Building the foundations for sustainable development: a case for global investment in the capabilities of adolescents","volume":"390","author":"Sheehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.09.030","article-title":"Age specific global prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and tuberculosis among incarcerated people: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Kinner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3966","article-title":"Firearm homicie and other causes of death in delinquents: a 16-Year prospective study","volume":"134","author":"Teplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib7","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys","volume":"47","author":"Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(97)00169-9","article-title":"Medical status of adolescents at time of admission to a juvenile detention centre","volume":"22","author":"Feinstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health of Pub Soc Adelesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-015-0422-4","article-title":"The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in adolescents incarcerated in a youth detention centre","volume":"33","author":"Harrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Soc Work J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0131","article-title":"Auditory processing and language skills of Male youth offenders and remandees in youth justice residences in New Zealand","volume":"60","author":"Lount","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to sight: an analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1160","article-title":"Visual disability, visual function, and myopia among rural Chinese secondary school children: the Xichang pediatric refractive error study","volume":"49","author":"Congdon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5","article-title":"The lancet global health commission on global eye health:vision beyond 2020","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5740","article-title":"Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China: cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"349","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"6518","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6518.447","article-title":"Health of juvenile delinquents","volume":"292","author":"Weindling","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib19","first-page":"509","article-title":"The relationship between vision and juvenile delinquency","volume":"54","author":"Snow","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"issue":"708","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02035-w","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with ocular morbidity among prisoners of Luzira prison (Uganda)","volume":"21","author":"Zalwango","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib21","series-title":"World report on hearing","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Early Hear Detect Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib25","series-title":"Mental health and deafness","first-page":"1","author":"Hindley","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-019-0200-z","article-title":"Prison health situation and health rights of young people incarcerated in sub-saharan African prisons and detention centers: a scoping review of extant literature","volume":"19","author":"Van-Hout","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Right"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib27","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred report items for systematic review and meta-analysis - protcols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sys Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/89.9.873","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement (reprinted from annals of internal medicine)","volume":"89","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib30","article-title":"Checking reference lists to find additional studies for systematic reviews","volume":"2011","author":"Horsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib31","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","article-title":"Chapter 5: collecting data","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib33","author":"Ohikhuare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib34","author":"Indig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib35","first-page":"19","article-title":"Some medical and social features of delinquent boys","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib36","first-page":"13","article-title":"The visual screening of adjudicated adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Behav Optom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/002246697901300307","article-title":"Prevalence and types of handicapping conditions found in juvenile correctional institutions: a national survey","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Spec Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v22i2.79","article-title":"Hearing loss among inmates of a juvenile correctional facility in Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Omokanye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2011.615450","article-title":"Serum retinol and xerophthalmia among a prison population in Papua new ginea","volume":"18","author":"Brian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib40","first-page":"461","article-title":"Vision and the juvenile delinquent","volume":"37","author":"Dzik","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198301000-00006","article-title":"Learning disability and neuropsychological impairment in adjudicated, unincarcerated male delinquents","volume":"22","author":"Robbins","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(83)90011-4","article-title":"Communicative disorders in a group of adult female offenders","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib43","first-page":"116","article-title":"Health and nutritional status of delinquent female adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Olivan","year":"2002","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of visual conditions in a population of juvenile delinquents","volume":"61","author":"Harris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Res Rep Special Articles"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/105345128502100114","article-title":"The visual anatomy of the juvenile delinquent","volume":"21","author":"Kaseno","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acad Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib46","first-page":"112","article-title":"Vision analysis and refractive status of youths in a juvenile detention home population","volume":"53","author":"Wong","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib47","article-title":"Delinquency among adolescents with disabilities","volume":"5","author":"Shandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-019-0097-6","article-title":"Hearing and justice: the link between hearing impairment in early childhood and youth offending in Aboriginal children living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(83)90012-6","article-title":"Prevalence of speech and hearing disorders in a state penitentiary population","volume":"16","author":"Belenchia","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib50","first-page":"250","article-title":"Hearing and speech disorders among delinquent children","volume":"12","author":"Cozad","year":"1966","journal-title":"Correct Psychiatry J Soc Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib51","first-page":"332","article-title":"Screening for hearing loss in juvenile detention centers","volume":"7","author":"Holmes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib53","author":"Chambers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib54","series-title":"Time for a fresh start: the report of the independent commission on youth crime and anti-social behaviour: the police foundation. Independent Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib55","series-title":"How locking up children is making Britain less safe","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.09.004","article-title":"Juvenile incarceration and health","volume":"16","author":"Barnert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-3938.2009.01049.x","article-title":"Health issues faced by adolescents incarcerated in the juvenile justice system","volume":"5","author":"Lii","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Forensic Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1757","article-title":"Practice guidelines - Health care for youth in the juvenile justice system","volume":"128","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.2.239","article-title":"Juvenile detention: another boundary issue for physicians","volume":"66","author":"Hein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30217-8","article-title":"The health of adolescents in detention: a global scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Borschmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serious (violent or chronic) juvenile offenders: a systematic review of treatment effectiveness in secure corrections","volume":"3","author":"Garrido","year":"2007","journal-title":"Campbell Systematic Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-012-9159-7","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of young offender treatment programs in Europe","volume":"9","author":"Koehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib65","author":"Ross"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00170-X","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological interventions in prison to reduce recidivism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Beaudry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.016","article-title":"Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: findings from three longitudinal cohorts","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590_bib68","series-title":"Fact sheet","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025005231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025005231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:05:15Z","timestamp":1778904315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537025005231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S2589537025005231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of vision impairment and hearing impairment with encounters in the criminal justice system among children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103590","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103590"}}