{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:19:23Z","timestamp":1792793963472,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG 1173690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 1173690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2017131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2017131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008018","name":"Victorian Cancer Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T13:11:53Z","timestamp":1768223513000},"page":"103746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between statin use and risk of incident cancer in healthy older adults: a target trial emulation using data from a multicentre, randomised trial of community-dwelling older adults in Australia and the USA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gebiso Roba","family":"Debele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Davoodian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Lotfaliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-6946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Tonkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne G.","family":"Orchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.R.M Saifuddin","family":"Ekram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy L.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wee Loon","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj C.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7479-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Clayton-Chubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Zoungas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Nowcasting and forecasting global aging and cancer burden: analysis of data from the GLOBOCAN and Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02041-2","article-title":"Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.12138","article-title":"Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"328","author":"Chou","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70119-6","article-title":"Statins and breast cancer prognosis: evidence and opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Ahern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2527988","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.27988","article-title":"Statin use in patients with advanced prostate cancer in the TITAN and SPARTAN trials","volume":"8","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165968","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins: a focus on cancer","volume":"1866","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00554-1","article-title":"Statins and prostate cancer\u2014hype or hope? The epidemiological perspective","volume":"25","author":"Craig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110680","article-title":"Longitudinal cohort study highlights cancer-preventive benefits of lipid-lowering drugs","volume":"27","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8060819","article-title":"Effect of statin on cancer incidence: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30526","article-title":"Effects of statins on cancer mortality and progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 95 cohorts including 1,111,407 individuals","volume":"140","author":"Mei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102300","article-title":"Association between statin use and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Jeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"10170","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31942-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials","volume":"393","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2752","article-title":"Examining bias in studies of statin treatment and survival in patients with cancer","volume":"4","author":"Emilsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21383","article-title":"Target trial emulation: a framework for causal inference from observational data","volume":"328","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800722","article-title":"Effect of aspirin on disability-free survival in the healthy elderly","volume":"379","author":"McNeil","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107231","article-title":"Health characteristics and aspirin use in participants at the baseline of the aspirin in reducing events in the elderly\u2013eXTension (ASPREE-XT) observational study","volume":"130","author":"Ernst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa114","article-title":"Effect of aspirin on cancer incidence and mortality in older adults","volume":"113","author":"McNeil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.09.014","article-title":"Study design of ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014","article-title":"Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses","volume":"79","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.7741","article-title":"Causal inference about the effects of interventions from observational studies in medical journals","volume":"331","author":"Dahabreh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.13350","article-title":"Transparent reporting of observational studies emulating a target Trial\u2014The TARGET statement","volume":"334","author":"Cashin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780010204","article-title":"Tables of the number of patients required in clinical trials using the logrank test","volume":"1","author":"Freedman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5087","article-title":"Problem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetes","volume":"340","author":"L\u00e9vesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l5657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5657","article-title":"Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners","volume":"367","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10133","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30664-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk prediction equations in 400,000 primary care patients in New Zealand: a derivation and validation study","volume":"391","author":"Pylypchuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(24)03939-1","article-title":"A meta-analysis of long-term statin use in cardiovascular trials and the risk of incident cancer","volume":"83","author":"Damrongwatanasuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.74","article-title":"Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Dale","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01955-4","article-title":"The association of statin therapy and cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"9346","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11600-X","article-title":"Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Shepherd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18794-x","article-title":"Concepts of extracellular matrix remodelling in tumour progression and metastasis","volume":"11","author":"Winkler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib32","article-title":"The effects of statins in patients with advanced-stage cancers-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib33","first-page":"10","article-title":"The statins as anticancer agents","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1201735","article-title":"Statin use and reduced cancer-related mortality","volume":"367","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103432","article-title":"Atorvastatin induces adrenal androgen downshift in men with prostate cancer: a post Hoc analysis of a pilot adaptive Randomised clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Raittinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.199","article-title":"The current evidence on statin use and prostate cancer prevention: are we there yet?","volume":"14","author":"Alfaqih","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121220","article-title":"Crosstalk between statins and cancer prevention and therapy: an update","volume":"14","author":"Grabarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621","article-title":"The effects of statins with a high hepatoselectivity rank on the extra-hepatic tissues; new functions for statins","volume":"152","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025006819?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537025006819?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:21:56Z","timestamp":1777634516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537025006819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2589537025006819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between statin use and risk of incident cancer in healthy older adults: a target trial emulation using data from a multicentre, randomised trial of community-dwelling older adults in Australia and the USA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103746","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103746"}}