{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:58:36Z","timestamp":1791233916675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"The University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015539","name":"Commonwealth of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015988","name":"Norman Beischer Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:52:45Z","timestamp":1780681965000},"page":"104002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A comparison of the safety of oral labetalol versus nifedipine to manage hypertension in pregnancy in Australia: a target trial emulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea C.","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hiscock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Forsythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jen","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0406-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Cluver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4342-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanne M.","family":"Hastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.02.010","article-title":"The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Duley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib3","first-page":"Cd002252","article-title":"Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Abalos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201295","article-title":"Treatment for mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy","volume":"386","author":"Tita","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2021.039","article-title":"Management of hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Beech","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib6","series-title":"Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib7","series-title":"Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13397","article-title":"Beta-blocker subtypes and risk of low birth weight in newborns","volume":"20","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"10203","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31282-6","article-title":"Oral antihypertensive regimens (nifedipine retard, labetalol, and methyldopa) for management of severe hypertension in pregnancy: an open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Easterling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18415","article-title":"Oral antihypertensives for nonsevere pregnancy hypertension: systematic review, network meta- and trial sequential analyses","volume":"79","author":"Bone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09972","article-title":"Labetalol versus nifedipine as antihypertensive treatment for chronic hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"70","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20151272","article-title":"A comparative study of efficacy of antihypertensive drugs and feto-maternal outcome in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Babbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07582-9","article-title":"A treatment strategy with nifedipine versus labetalol for women with pregnancy hypertension: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Giant PANDA)","volume":"24","author":"Ashworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.09.006","article-title":"Blood pressure control in pregnant patients with chronic hypertension and diabetes: should <130\/80 be the target?","volume":"232","author":"Harper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005613","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes of nifedipine compared with labetalol for oral treatment of mild chronic hypertension","volume":"144","author":"Sanusi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib16","article-title":"Target trial emulation: applying principles of randomised trials to observational studies","volume":"378","author":"Matthews","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21383","article-title":"Target trial emulation: a framework for causal inference from observational data","volume":"328","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2113319","article-title":"Methods of public health research - strengthening causal inference from observational data","volume":"385","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181875e61","article-title":"Observational studies analyzed like randomized experiments: an application to postmenopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease","volume":"19","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv254","article-title":"Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available","volume":"183","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201903-241OC","article-title":"Emulating a novel clinical trial using existing observational data. Predicting results of the PreVent Study","volume":"16","author":"Admon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000152","article-title":"Target trial emulation to improve causal inference from observational data: what, why, and how?","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-087179","article-title":"Transparent reporting of observational studies emulating a target trial: the TARGET statement","volume":"390","author":"Cashin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib24","series-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy Guideline 2023","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib25","first-page":"113","article-title":"Data accuracy in the victorian perinatal data collection: results of a validation study of 2011 data","volume":"46","author":"Flood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Inf Manag J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab158","article-title":"An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research","volume":"15","author":"Chesnaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16319","article-title":"A core outcome set for pre-eclampsia research: an international consensus development study","volume":"127","author":"Duffy","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib29","article-title":"Number 222","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2314","article-title":"Updated EUROCAT guidelines for classification of cases with congenital anomalies","volume":"116","author":"Bergman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021","article-title":"In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard","volume":"181","author":"Hadlock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2021.03.008","article-title":"To adjust or not to adjust: the role of different covariates in cardiovascular observational studies","volume":"237","author":"Etminan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001312","article-title":"To adjust or not to adjust? When a \"confounder\" is only measured after exposure","volume":"32","author":"Groenwold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01426-3","article-title":"Mediation analysis methods used in observational research: a scoping review and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Rijnhart","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280220932189","article-title":"Bootstrap inference for multiple imputation under uncongeniality and misspecification","volume":"29","author":"Bartlett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1214\/20-STS793","article-title":"Maximum likelihood multiple imputation: faster imputations and consistent standard errors without posterior draws","volume":"36","author":"von Hippel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-0678","article-title":"Diabetes in pregnancy and school-age developmental outcomes for offspring: a statewide retrospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Gordon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03963-w","article-title":"School-age outcomes among IVF and ICSI-conceived children: a causal inference analysis using linked population-wide data","volume":"23","author":"Kennedy","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2343721","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43721","article-title":"Educational outcomes for children at 7 to 9 years of age after birth at 39 vs 40 to 42 weeks' gestation","volume":"6","author":"Hiscock","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.09.002","article-title":"Which is the correct statistical test to use?","volume":"46","author":"McCrum-Gardner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib43","series-title":"Microeconometrics","first-page":"229","article-title":"Rubin causal model","author":"Imbens","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib47","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 19","author":"StataCorp","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X20909696","article-title":"Conducting sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in observational studies using E-values: the e-value package","volume":"20","author":"Linden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-Value","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.073302","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: current standards and opportunities to improve care","volume":"151","author":"Countouris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-1770.ijrcog001912","article-title":"A randomized trial of intravenous labetalol & oral nifedipine in severe pregnancy induced hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Dhali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a9ea68","article-title":"Oral nifedipine or intravenous labetalol for hypertensive emergency in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Shekhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70314-5","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind trial of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol in hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy","volume":"181","author":"Vermillion","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12439","article-title":"Oral nifedipine vs. intravenous labetalol for treatment of pregnancy-induced severe pre-eclampsia","volume":"41","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1308321","article-title":"A trial of oral nifedipine and oral labetalol in preeclampsia hypertensive emergency treatment","volume":"37","author":"Duro-G\u00f3mez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.022","article-title":"IV labetalol and oral nifedipine in acute control of severe hypertension in pregnancy-A randomized controlled trial","volume":"236","author":"Zulfeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102054","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of labetalol versus nifedipine for treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Leonard","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.00016.x","article-title":"Effects of calcium channel blockers on proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"10","author":"Toto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00055.x","article-title":"Differential effects of calcium channel blockers on size selectivity of proteinuria in diabetic glomerulopathy","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.133","article-title":"A crossover comparison of urinary albumin excretion as a new surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease among 4 types of calcium channel blockers","volume":"166","author":"Konoshita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132670","article-title":"Blood pressure-independent reduction in proteinuria and arterial stiffness after acute endothelin-a receptor antagonism in chronic kidney disease","volume":"54","author":"Dhaun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2004.00272.x","article-title":"Effects of calcium antagonists in hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction: a prospective, randomized, parallel trial comparing benidipine and nifedipine","volume":"9","author":"Inoue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.3.646","article-title":"Effects of low-dose nifedipine on urinary protein excretion rate in patients with renal disease","volume":"13","author":"Kloke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.039","article-title":"The effect of calcium channel blockers on moderate or severe albuminuria in diabetic, hypertensive patients","volume":"134","author":"Cativo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003186","article-title":"Actual impact of angiotensin II receptor blocker or calcium channel blocker monotherapy on renal function in real-world patients","volume":"40","author":"Satoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-017-0191-y","article-title":"Comparative effect of calcium channel blockers on glomerular function in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Nishida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs R&D"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010345","article-title":"The prognostic significance of proteinuria severity in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study of maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Boza","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12104","article-title":"Pathophysiology of proteinuria and its value as an outcome measure in chronic kidney disease","volume":"76","author":"Cravedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.33545\/gynae.2020.v4.i1f.491","article-title":"A comparative study of IV labetalol with oral nifedipine in severe preeclampsia","volume":"4","author":"Nivethana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.51406","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity associated with chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Gunderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2009.01003.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2008","volume":"49","author":"Lowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12399","article-title":"SOMANZ guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014","volume":"55","author":"Lowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43","article-title":"A structural approach to selection bias","volume":"15","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06754-y","article-title":"Hypertension subtypes and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes - a retrospective population-based cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Perej\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1201200301","article-title":"Diagnostics for multiple imputation in stata","volume":"12","author":"Eddings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib77","series-title":"Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference. First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2019 ed","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.04002.x","article-title":"How to manage hypertension in pregnancy effectively","volume":"72","author":"Magee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537026002518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537026002518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:28:16Z","timestamp":1791232096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537026002518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S2589537026002518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comparison of the safety of oral labetalol versus nifedipine to manage hypertension in pregnancy in Australia: a target trial emulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104002"}}