{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:30:39Z","timestamp":1793946639496,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001263","name":"National Philanthropic Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL159350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL159350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:09:42Z","timestamp":1790597382000},"page":"104195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on problematic video game use and gaming disorder in adolescents and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6541-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason M.","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane K.","family":"Helmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver H.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahana","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2720-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Handoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Lavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib1","article-title":"Game faces: how digital play affects the psychological landscape of youth","volume":"17","author":"Lager","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034857","article-title":"The benefits of playing video games","volume":"69","author":"Granic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.062","article-title":"Chaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of internet gaming disorder: issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the field","volume":"6","author":"Kuss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.012","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder: inadequate diagnostic criteria wrapped in a constraining conceptual model","volume":"6","author":"Starcevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00332-8","article-title":"From social media to artificial intelligence: improving research on digital harms in youth","volume":"9","author":"Mansfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib7","first-page":"40","article-title":"Junk-time junkies: an emerging addiction among students","volume":"31","author":"Soper","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sch Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib8","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Digital Technologies and Mental Health. Oxford library of psychology","first-page":"18","article-title":"A history and overview of video game addiction","author":"Griffiths","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000062","article-title":"The internet gaming disorder scale","volume":"27","author":"Lemmens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.088","article-title":"Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 gaming disorder proposal","volume":"6","author":"Aarseth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib14","first-page":"251","article-title":"Exploring multidisciplinary approaches to comorbid psychiatric and medical disorders: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"\u021aenea-Cojan \u0218tef\u0103ni\u021b\u0103","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individuals with maladaptive coping strategies may be more prone to developing disorders like depression or anxiety","volume":"9","author":"Crocq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychopathologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56358-x","article-title":"Investigating the interplay between gaming disorder and functional impairments in professional esports gaming","volume":"14","author":"Pontes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.039","article-title":"Gaming disorder: its delineation as an important condition for diagnosis, management, and prevention","volume":"6","author":"Saunders","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070849","article-title":"Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement","volume":"378","author":"Gates","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.1277","article-title":"Measurement instruments of internet gaming disorder in adolescents and young people according to DSM-5 criteria: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Bernaldo-de-Quir\u00f3s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101831","article-title":"Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"77","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200230","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1200230","article-title":"Biopsychosocial factors of gaming disorder: a systematic review employing screening tools with well-defined psychometric properties","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420962851","article-title":"Global prevalence of gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104257","article-title":"Prevalence of internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Gou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12532","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Mihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0311","article-title":"Internet addiction and online gaming disorder in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Putra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108576","article-title":"Prevalence of Internet gaming disorder in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Gisbert-P\u00e9rez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2024.100565","article-title":"Burden of gaming disorder among adolescents: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Satapathy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health Pract (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2023.104047","article-title":"The epidemiology and effects of video game addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"241","author":"Limone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072582","article-title":"Prevalence of internet addiction and gaming disorders in southeast asia: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049","article-title":"The prevalence and possible risk factors of internet gaming disorder among adolescents and young adults: systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"154","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.035","article-title":"Family factors in adolescent problematic internet gaming: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107423","article-title":"The associations of adolescent problematic internet use with parenting: a meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Lukavsk\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-019-0144-5","article-title":"Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Sugaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108345","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of familial protective and risk factors","volume":"167","author":"Petrescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00320-0","article-title":"Parental and family factors associated with problematic gaming and problematic internet use in adolescents: a systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/2192001X251352496","article-title":"Family factors and internet gaming disorder among adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Atalan Ergin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Develop Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-04018-6","article-title":"Parental behaviors associated with internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Co\u015fa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib38","first-page":"20","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Khor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ir J Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.675237","article-title":"Problematic gaming and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kristensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2019.10.014","article-title":"[Gambling and gaming disorders and physical health of players: a critical review of the literature]","volume":"48","author":"Benchebra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib41","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging in adolescent internet gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13093","article-title":"Neural correlates of problematic gaming in adolescents: a systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"27","author":"Schettler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110242","article-title":"Large-scale network dysfunction in youths with internet gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies","volume":"109","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16726","article-title":"Impact of internet addiction and gaming disorder on body weight in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Che Mokhtar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109656","article-title":"Meta-analyses of the functional neural alterations in subjects with internet gaming disorder: similarities and differences across different paradigms","volume":"94","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.62438\/tunismed.v103i9.6214","article-title":"Cardiovascular and pulmonary response in internet gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Cherif","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1590\/0047-2085000000008","article-title":"Neuroimagem na depend\u00eancia de jogos eletr\u00f4nicos: uma revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica. [neuroimaging in video game addiction: a systematic review.]","volume":"63","author":"Lemos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bras. Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0252","article-title":"The effects of playing video games on stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and gaming disorder during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: PRISMA systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Pallavicini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108091","article-title":"Problematic gaming, psychiatric comorbidities, and adolescence: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"157","author":"Coutelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib50","article-title":"A systematic review of the association of internet gaming disorder and excessive social media use with psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents: is it a curse or a blessing?","volume":"15","author":"Ghali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00045","article-title":"Conduct problems and depressive symptoms in association with problem gambling and gaming: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Richard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00079","article-title":"Scars, screens, and stakes: link between non-suicidal self-injury and problem gambling, problem gaming, and problematic internet use \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Losaberidze","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2024.0537","article-title":"Problematic gaming and self-control among adolescents and emerging adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib54","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder and aggression: a meta-analysis of teenagers and young adults","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052612","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of treatments for children and young adults with internet addiction\/internet gaming disorder: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/59968","article-title":"Prevention and health promotion interventions for young people in the context of digital well-being: rapid systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Colder Carras","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.006","article-title":"The cognitive psychology of Internet gaming disorder","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.250014","article-title":"Treatment of gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116783","article-title":"Treatment of gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"Harpas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0813-1","article-title":"Policy and prevention approaches for disordered and hazardous gaming and internet use: an international perspective","volume":"19","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe15040049","article-title":"Effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0067","article-title":"Effectiveness of available treatments for gaming disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Lampropoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2024.0358","article-title":"Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093345","article-title":"Treatment modalities for internet addiction in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)","volume":"12","author":"Ayub","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.050","article-title":"Policy responses to problematic video game use: a systematic review of current measures and future possibilities","volume":"7","author":"Kir\u00e1ly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2024.2347672","article-title":"Physical exercise intervention for gaming disorder: a systematic review of clinical trials","author":"Aryani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib67","series-title":"Multifaceted approach to digital addiction and its treatment","first-page":"157","article-title":"Treatment of Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder in adolescence: a systematic review","author":"Gioia","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911\/a000922","article-title":"Guidelines on the treatment of gaming disorder","volume":"71","author":"te Wildt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sucht"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107465","article-title":"Long-term effects of psychosocial interventions on internet-related disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/cps0000123","article-title":"Evaluation of the psychometric properties of DSM\u20135 internet gaming disorder measures: a COSMIN systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Anthony","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/26821","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the internet gaming disorder scale-short-form (IGDS9-SF): systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Poon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00334","article-title":"Three key lessons learned from over a decade of gaming disorder assessment research","volume":"15","author":"Pontes","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107183","article-title":"Prevalence of gaming disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12459","article-title":"Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: a meta-analysis across three decades","volume":"59","author":"Fam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2022.101150","article-title":"Youth screen use in the ABCD\u00ae study","volume":"57","author":"Bagot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02176-8","article-title":"Social epidemiology of early adolescent problematic screen use in the United States","volume":"92","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010349","article-title":"Problematic video game use and mental health among Spanish adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Garc\u00eda-Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1423785","article-title":"Young and adult patients with gaming disorder: psychiatric co-morbidities and progression of problematic gaming","volume":"15","author":"Hofstedt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1412739","article-title":"Gender differences in internet gaming among university students: a discriminant analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gisbert-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.06.020","article-title":"Longitudinal use patterns of technology subtypes during the transition into early adolescence: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study","volume":"75","author":"Borodovsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.599141","article-title":"Altered reward processing system in internet gaming disorder","volume":"11","author":"Raiha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00068","article-title":"The longitudinal association between reward processing and symptoms of video game addiction in the adolescent brain cognitive development study","volume":"13","author":"Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib83","first-page":"6","article-title":"Adolescent development of the reward system","volume":"4","author":"Galvan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9898-1","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of anxiety and depression in early adolescence","volume":"43","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.077","article-title":"Sociodemographic correlates of contemporary screen time use among 9- and 10-year-old children","volume":"240","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/301460","article-title":"Trends in video game play through childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood","volume":"2013","author":"Ream","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2021.0059","article-title":"Gaming preferences and motivations among bullied sexual and gender minority youth: an interview study","volume":"11","author":"O'Brien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1177\/15554120231178883","article-title":"Setting the game agenda: reviewing the emerging literature on video gaming and psychological well-being of sexual and gender diverse youth","volume":"19","author":"Di Cesare","year":"2024","journal-title":"Games Cult"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103164","article-title":"Neighborhood quality and screen use: findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development study","volume":"26","author":"Nagata","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.03.004","article-title":"Associations between sexual orientation and early adolescent screen use: findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study","volume":"82","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.04.013","article-title":"Screen use in transgender and gender-questioning adolescents: findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study","volume":"95","author":"Nagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14290","article-title":"Relationship between problematic gaming and age at the onset of habitual gaming","volume":"62","author":"Nakayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.760348","article-title":"Preschool exposure to online games and internet gaming disorder in adolescents: a cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0011","article-title":"Age of initiation and internet gaming disorder: the role of self-esteem","volume":"20","author":"Beard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81359-1","article-title":"Gaming time and impulsivity as independent yet complementary predictors of gaming disorder risk","volume":"15","author":"Szyszka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2019-0760","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for internet gaming disorder","volume":"42","author":"Severo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.013","article-title":"The (co-)occurrence of problematic video gaming, substance use, and psychosocial problems in adolescents","volume":"3","author":"VAN Rooij","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.106209","article-title":"Self-determination theory, internet gaming disorder, and the mediating role of self-control","volume":"105","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v9i1.3193","article-title":"Crooked views and relaxed rules: how teenage boys experience parents' handling of digital gaming","volume":"9","author":"Meril\u00e4inen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Media Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conditional role of parental controlling mediation on the relationship between escape, daily game time, and gaming disorder","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105370","article-title":"Adolescent aggression and violent video games: the role of moral disengagement and parental rearing patterns","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09988-5","article-title":"Advertising games of chance in adolescents and young adults in Spain","volume":"37","author":"Labrador","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22097","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder treatment: a review of definitions of diagnosis and treatment outcome","volume":"70","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13057","article-title":"Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: a critical commentary on Petry et al. (2014)","volume":"111","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.12.001","article-title":"Methods of formal consensus in classification\/diagnostic criteria and guideline development","volume":"41","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-012-9291-1","article-title":"A concept mapping approach to guide and understand dissemination and implementation","volume":"39","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.03.006","article-title":"The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: findings from a large national survey","volume":"64","author":"Andreassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108554","article-title":"Elevated loss sensitivity in the reward circuit in adolescents with video game but not social media addiction","volume":"165","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16111-x","article-title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent problematic screen use in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Raney","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1671824","article-title":"Treatments of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"20","author":"Zajac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"}],"container-title":["eClinicalMedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537026004487?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589537026004487?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:52:15Z","timestamp":1793944335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589537026004487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S2589537026004487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on problematic video game use and gaming disorder in adolescents and young adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eClinicalMedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.104195","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104195"}}