{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1791223389402,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,13]],"date-time":"2005-10-13T09:45:49Z","timestamp":1129196749000},"page":"128-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Probabilistic ecological hazard assessment: Evaluating pharmaceutical effects on aquatic higher plants as an example"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Brain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith R.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1993.1006","article-title":"Confidence limits for hazardous concentrations based on logistically distributed NOEC toxicity data","volume":"25","author":"Aldenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib2","unstructured":"ASTM, 1999. E 1415-91 Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Lemna gibba G3. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 1434\u20131448."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620171201","article-title":"Distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within experimental microcosms treated with liquid creosote","volume":"17","author":"Bestari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.06.011","article-title":"Microcosm evaluation of the effects of an eight pharmaceutical mixture to the aquatic macrophytes Lemna gibba and Myriophyllum sibiricum","volume":"70","author":"Brain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1897\/02-576","article-title":"Effects of 25 pharmaceutical compounds to Lemna gibba using a 7-day static renewal test","volume":"23","author":"Brain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.04.021","article-title":"Toxicity of a mixture of tetracyclines to Lemna gibba and Myriophyllum sibiricum evaluated in aquatic microcosms","volume":"138","author":"Brain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039709383683","article-title":"Using lognormal distributions and lognormal probability plots in probabilistic risk assessments","volume":"3","author":"Burmaster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib8","series-title":"Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment","first-page":"105","article-title":"Ecological development and biometry of untreated pond microcosm","author":"Christman","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib9","unstructured":"EMEA, 2004a. Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP): Guideline on Environmental Impact Assessment for Veterinary Medicinal Products Phase II. European Medicines Agency Veterinary Medicines and Inspections, London, UK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib10","unstructured":"EMEA, 2004b. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP): Guideline on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use. European Medicines Agency Pre-Authorization Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use, London, UK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210725","article-title":"Better bootstrap estimation of hazardous concentration thresholds for aquatic assemblages","volume":"21","author":"Grist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1021\/es011490d","article-title":"New technique for estimating thresholds of toxicity in ecological risk assessment","volume":"36","author":"Hanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(02)00089-9","article-title":"Evaluation of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) degradation and toxicity to Lemna gibba, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Myriophyllum sibiricum in aquatic microcosms","volume":"61","author":"Hanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00282.x","article-title":"Assessment of variability and uncertainty distributions for practical risk assessments","volume":"14","author":"Hattis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999\u20132000: a national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(05)80042-X","article-title":"Safety assessment procedures for indirect food additives: an overview","volume":"12","author":"Munro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Phamacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib17","series-title":"Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment: A Multi-tiered Approach to Risk Assessment","author":"Parkhurst","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib18","series-title":"Species-Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology","first-page":"221","article-title":"Environmental risk limits in the Netherlands","author":"Sijm","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib19","series-title":"Species Sensitivity Distributions in Risk Assessment","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions","author":"Solomon","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(00)00086-7","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of agrochemicals in the environment","volume":"19","author":"Solomon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib21","unstructured":"Stephan, C.E., Mount, D.I., Hansen, D.J., Gentile, J.H., Chapman, G.A., Brungs, W.A., 1985. Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses. US EPA ORD ERL, PB 85-227049, Duluth, MN, pp. 1\u201397."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620191218","article-title":"Use of nonlinear regression techniques for describing concentration-response relationships of plant species exposed to contaminated site soils","volume":"19","author":"Stephenson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00049-8","article-title":"Environmental risk assessment for new human pharmaceuticals in the European Union according to the draft guideline\/discussion paper of January 2001","volume":"131","author":"Straub","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib23","series-title":"Martindale The Complete Drug Reference","author":"Sweetman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib24","series-title":"Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, Effects, Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment","first-page":"657","author":"Touart","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib25","unstructured":"Urban, D.J., Cook, N.J., 1986. Standard evaluation procedure for ecological risk assessment. Hazard Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-095X(199705)8:3<241::AID-ENV244>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"How to measure no effect. Part I: TOWARDS a new measure of chronic toxicity in ecotoxicology. Introduction and workshop results","volume":"8","author":"Van der Hoeven","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(91)90062-U","article-title":"Estimation of ecotoxicological protection levels from NOEC toxicity data","volume":"25","author":"Wagner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651305002186?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651305002186?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T16:57:11Z","timestamp":1548089831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651305002186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0147651305002186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}