{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:39:30Z","timestamp":1783939170852,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T16:41:31Z","timestamp":1507826491000},"page":"72-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Index analysis and human health risk model application for evaluating ambient air-heavy metal contamination in Chemical Valley Sarnia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Olawoyin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuangyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oladapo","family":"Okareh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Slates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.090","article-title":"Source apportionment of fine particles in Kuwait City","volume":"448","author":"Alolayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"187","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(96)05128-5","article-title":"The Tomlinson pollution index applied to heavy metal, Mussel\u2013Watch data: a useful index to assess coastal pollution","volume":"1996","author":"Angula","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.04.030","article-title":"Fine particulate matter air pollution and atherosclerosis: mechanistic insights","volume":"1860","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) \u2013 Gen. Subj."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2552-3","article-title":"Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud, Algeria","volume":"71","author":"Benhaddya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib5","series-title":"Bedrock Topography, Lithology, and Glacial Drift Thickness of Lapeer and St. Clair Counties, Michigan (M.S. thesis)","author":"Brown","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2005.02.001","article-title":"Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado estuary sediment: an index analysis approach","volume":"5","author":"Caeiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2012.02.029","article-title":"Analysis of raw soils and their re-suspended PM10 fractions: characterization of source profiles and enrichment factors","volume":"27","author":"Cesari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib8","unstructured":"Conference Summary Report, 1999. Lake St. Clair: its Current State and Future Prospects. Advancing Binational Efforts to Protect and Restore Lake St. Clair. Nov. 30\u2013Dec. 1, 1999, Thomas Edison Inn Port Huron, MI, Retrieved August 25, 2017 from \u3008http:\/\/www.great-lakes.net\/lakes\/stclairReport\/summary_00.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib9","series-title":"The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian of St. Clair and Northeastern Macomb Counties (M.S. thesis)","author":"Dorr","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2013.04.039","article-title":"Health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts in urban parks of Beijing","volume":"18","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"China Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S909","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106909","article-title":"Parental occupational exposures and risk of childhood cancer","volume":"106","author":"Colt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1847-4","article-title":"A novel WT1 heterozygous nonsense mutation (p.K248X) causing a mild and slightly progressive nephropathy in a 46, XY patient with Denys\u2013Drash syndrome","volume":"26","author":"da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib13","unstructured":"European Environment Agency, 2013. Air Quality in Europe \u2013 2013 Report. EEA, Copenhagen, Denmark, p. 112."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib14","first-page":"343","article-title":"American cancer society perspectives on environmental factors and cancer","volume":"59","author":"Fontham","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.03.018","article-title":"A study of air pollution of city clusters","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib16","unstructured":"Gillespie J.L., Dumouchelle, D.H., 1989. Groundwater Flow and Quality Near the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels, Mich., U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigation Report 88- 4232, pp. 1\u201325, 34-36, 40."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib17","series-title":"Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes. Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education","author":"Gillespie","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181e5e20d","article-title":"The Novel WT1 Gene Mutation p. H377N Associated to Denys-Drash Syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Guaragna","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol.\/Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib19","first-page":"381617","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, Southeastern China","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib20","unstructured":"Great Lakes Commission, (n.d.). Lake St. Clair Coastal Habitat Conservation and Restoration Plan. Retrieved August 25, 2017 from \u3008http:\/\/projects.glc.org\/habitat\/lsc\/documents\/section2b_physical.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90143-8","article-title":"An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a sedimentological approach","volume":"14","author":"Hakanson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib22","series-title":"Health Data and Statistics Compilations for Great Lakes Areas of Concern","author":"Health Canada","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829708965507","article-title":"Characterization of gent stacked filter unit PM10 sampler","volume":"27","author":"Hopke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.122","article-title":"Elemental characterization source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in the western coastal area of central Taiwan","volume":"541","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.081","article-title":"Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals","volume":"317","author":"Huanga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib26","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2017. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1\u2013119. Retrieved August 27, 2017 from \u3008http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Classification\/index.php\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ICRP, 1994. Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 66. Ann. ICRP 24 (1\u20133).","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6453(94)90004-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.20937\/ATM.2015.28.02.03","article-title":"Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan","volume":"28","author":"Javed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmosfera"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.053","article-title":"Analysis of heavy pollution episodes in selected cities of northern China","volume":"2012","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.11.036","article-title":"On airborne nano\/micro-sized wear particles released from low-metallic automotive brakes","volume":"159","author":"Kukutschova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2014.08.071","article-title":"The components of critical zone (soil and vegetation) as indicators of atmospheric pollution with heavy metals of the Tomsk District (Western Siberia) in the natural ecosystems","volume":"2014","author":"Kulizhskiy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet. Sci."},{"issue":"113","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8479","article-title":"Declining sex ratio in a first nation community","volume":"2005","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib33","series-title":"The \u201cGent\u201d Stacked Filter Unit Sampler for the Collection of Atmospheric Aerosols in Two Size Fractions: Description and Instructions for Installation and Use. Coordinated Research Programme: CRP E4.10.08","author":"Maenhaut","year":"1993"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib34","first-page":"1714","article-title":"Metal levels in airborne particulate matter in industrial area of Bandar, Abbas, Iran","volume":"2","author":"Maryam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00175-X","article-title":"Biomonitoring of airborne metals in urban environments: new tracers of vehicle emissions, in place of lead","volume":"107","author":"Monaci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib36","unstructured":"NAAQS, 2014. United State National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQS).\u00a0\u3008http:\/\/epa.gov\/air\/crteria.html\u3009."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib37","first-page":"89","article-title":"Accumulation of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil, water and plants and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of soil and water collected from Tanda Dam Kohat","volume":"7","author":"Nazir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2012.10.0283","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and mass closure of ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China","volume":"13","author":"Ni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3184\/095422914X13951584546986","article-title":"Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran","volume":"26","author":"Nowrouzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Speciat. Bioavailab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib40","unstructured":"OEHHA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2009. Technical Support Document for Cancer Potency Factors 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/air\/crnr\/technical-support-document-cancer-potency-factors-2009\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.08.004","article-title":"Potential risk effect from elevated levels of soil heavy metals on human health in the Niger delta","volume":"85","author":"Olawoyin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.04.045","article-title":"Exploration of the spatial-composite risk index (CRI) for the characterization of toxicokinetics in petrochemical active areas","volume":"92","author":"Olawoyin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.107","article-title":"Chemometric analysis of ecological toxicants in petrochemical and industrial environments","volume":"112","author":"Olawoyin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib44","first-page":"40","article-title":"Exposure to toxic pollutants: assessing potential human health risk","volume":"62","author":"Olawoyin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prof. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib45","unstructured":"Ontario Medical Association: Illness Costs of Air Pollution (ICAP) \u2013 Regional Data for 2008 with Projections. Retrieved January 19, 2014. \u3008https:\/\/www.oma.org\/HealthPromotion\/Smog\/Pages\/default.aspx\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028","article-title":"Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review","volume":"77","author":"Pant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2008.08.002","article-title":"Introducing a method of human health risk evaluation for planning and soil quality management of heavy metal-polluted soils \u2014 an example from Grugliasco (Italy)","volume":"88","author":"Poggio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.304666","article-title":"CD36-dependent 7-ketocholesterol accumulation in macrophages mediates progression of atherosclerosis in response to chronic air pollution exposure","volume":"115","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB2001","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GB003376","article-title":"Earth's global Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn cycles","volume":"23","author":"Rauch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.05.023","article-title":"A review of chemical and physical characterization of atmospheric metallic nanoparticles","volume":"94","author":"Sanderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib51","unstructured":"SJCRH, 2014. (Online) St. Jude\u2019s Children Research Hospital. Definition of Diseases. (Retrieved January 20, 2014 from http:\/\/www.stjude.org\/stjude\/v\/index.jsp?vgnextoid=5ceb061585f70110VgnVCM1000001e0215acRCRD)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.07.043","article-title":"Urban particulate pollution reduction by four species of green roof vegetation in a UK city","volume":"61","author":"Speak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib53","unstructured":"Stat C.A., 2011. (Statistics Canada): Sarnia, Ontario, Community Profile 2011 Census. Retrieved from \u3008https:\/\/goo.gl\/fnHxD2\u3009 on May 30, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib54","unstructured":"St. Clair County Health Department (SCCHD), 2012. Investigation Summary Report Wilms Tumor Cluster. Retrieved on September 24, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/www.stclaircounty.org\/offices\/health\/forms\/Investigation%20Summary%20Report.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02414780","article-title":"Problems in the assessment of heavy metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index","volume":"33","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Helgolaender Meeresunter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib56","unstructured":"USDA-ARS, 2017. Monthly Wind Rose Plots- Charts. Retrieved August 27, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/www.climate.gov\/maps-data\/dataset\/monthly-wind-rose-plots-charts\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib57","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2009a. Integrated Review Plan for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter, National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development and Health and Environmental Impacts Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Office of Air and Radiation Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Retrieved on May 30, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ttn\/naaqs\/standards\/pm\/data\/2008_03_final_integrated_review_plan.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib58","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part a). \u3008http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oswer\/riskassessment\/ragsa\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib59","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1998. Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib60","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2000. Risk-based Concentration Table. Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia PA, United States."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib61","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2004a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment). Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, D.C. \u3008http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oswer\/riskassessment\/ragse\/index.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib62","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2004b. Region 9, Preliminary Remediation Goals, Air Water Calculations."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib63","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2009b. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual. Part F: Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment. \u3008http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oswer\/riskassessment\/ragsf\/index.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib64","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) by Geiger A., Cooper J., 2010. Overview of Airborne Metals Regulations, Exposure Limits, Health Effects, and Contemporary Research, Appendix C. Cooper Environmental Services LLC. Portland OR. Retrieved May 17, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ttnemc01\/prelim\/otm31appC.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib65","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2011. Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Part, A. In: Human Health Evaluation Manual; Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment; Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment, I."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib66","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2016a. Regional Screening Level Equations. (Retrieved October 5, 2017 from https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/risk\/regional-screening-levels-rsls-equations-june-2017)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib67","unstructured":"US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2016b. Regional Screening Level (RSL) Resident Ambient Air Table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) May 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2017 from \u3008https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/production\/files\/2016-06\/documents\/composite_sl_table_run_may 2016.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib68","unstructured":"USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016c. Supplemental Guidance for Assessing Susceptibility from Early-life Exposure to Carcinogens. \u3008http:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/airtoxics\/childrens_supplement_final.pdf\u3009. (Accessed on 25 May, 2017)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib69","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey- USGS, 1988. Groundwater Data for Michigan \u2013 Open File Reports 88-87 (1986), 88-704 (1987), 88-597 (1988)."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2008.14.2.138","article-title":"Sex ratio changes as sentinel health events of endocrine disruption","volume":"2008","author":"Van Larebeke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib71","series-title":"WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Global Update 2005. Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide","author":"WHO","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1006\/ecss.2001.0879","article-title":"Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China \u2013 weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5685","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-5685-2013","article-title":"Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651317306693?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651317306693?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1570190088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651317306693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0147651317306693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Index analysis and human health risk model application for evaluating ambient air-heavy metal contamination in Chemical Valley Sarnia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}