{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T03:03:42Z","timestamp":1777777422004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2018099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2018099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-09709Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-09709Y"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T17:23:21Z","timestamp":1573061001000},"page":"109912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic simultaneous exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from embryonic to juvenile stage to drospirenone and gestodene at low ng\/L level caused intersex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Pavel","family":"\u0160auer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Tumov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Steinbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Golovko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Komen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Maillot-Mar\u00e9chal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"M\u00e1chov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Grabic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selim","family":"A\u00eft-A\u00efssa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Kocour Kroupov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.08.033","article-title":"Multi-residue analytical method for human pharmaceuticals and synthetic hormones in river water and sewage effluents by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1217","author":"Al-Odaini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1829","article-title":"HPLC-MS\/MS analysis of steroid hormones in environmental water samples","volume":"8","author":"Avar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.03.021","article-title":"Nortestosterone-derived synthetic progestogens do not activate the progestogen receptor of Murray-Darling rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) but are potent agonists of androgen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"163","author":"Bain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x","article-title":"Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution","volume":"22","author":"Bernet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.06.012","article-title":"Progestagens for human use, exposure and hazard assessment for the aquatic environment","volume":"157","author":"Besse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29812","article-title":"Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone action","volume":"116","author":"Bianco","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440601123529","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction","volume":"37","author":"Blanton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.09.030","article-title":"Effects of low concentrations of the antiprogestin mifepristone (RU486) in adults and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio): 2. Gene expression analysis and in vitro activity","volume":"144","author":"Bl\u00fcthgen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2016.08.002","article-title":"Transcriptomic and physiological changes in Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) after exposure to progestins and anti-progestagens","volume":"179","author":"Brockmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.05.019","article-title":"Several synthetic progestins disrupt the glial cell specific-brain aromatase expression in developing zebra fish","volume":"305","author":"Cano-Nicolau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.05.031","article-title":"Sex steroids and metabolic responses in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to drospirenone","volume":"143","author":"Cappello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-2-266","article-title":"Progestin regulation of cellular proliferation","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101378","article-title":"Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans","volume":"101","author":"Colborn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1015","article-title":"Recent insights into the cell biology of thyroid angiofollicular units","volume":"34","author":"Colin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/10408440903373590","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish","volume":"40","author":"Corcoran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.07.003","article-title":"A stable fish reporter cell line to study estrogen receptor transactivation by environmental (xeno)estrogens","volume":"23","author":"Cosnefroy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr297","article-title":"Selective activation of zebrafish estrogen receptor subtypes by chemicals by using stable reporter gene assay developed in a zebrafish liver cell line","volume":"125","author":"Cosnefroy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1021\/es405313r","article-title":"Identification of synthetic steroids in river water downstream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges based on a bioanalytical approach and passive sampling","volume":"48","author":"Creusot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230490268756","article-title":"Best practices guideline: toxicologic histopathology","volume":"32","author":"Crissman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11737","DOI":"10.1021\/es503425w","article-title":"Environmental designer drugs: when transformation may not eliminate risk","volume":"48","author":"Cwiertny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s6907","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?","volume":"107","author":"Daughton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00057-1","article-title":"Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, and environmental influences","volume":"208","author":"Devlin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8179","DOI":"10.1021\/es501428u","article-title":"Environmental gestagens activate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) nuclear progesterone and androgen receptors in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Ellestad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3283939","article-title":"The steroid and thyroid-hormone receptor superfamily","volume":"240","author":"Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.06.012","article-title":"Progestins as endocrine disrupters in aquatic ecosystems: concentrations, effects and risk assessment","volume":"84","author":"Fent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2005.09.009","article-title":"Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals","volume":"76","author":"Fent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(98)00477-3","article-title":"Genetic resources of commercially important fish species in the Czech Republic: present state and future strategy","volume":"173","author":"Flaj\u0161hans","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.02.038","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in male reproductive development: evidence for direct crosstalk between the androgen and thyroid hormone axes","volume":"192","author":"Flood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5991","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00799","article-title":"Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","volume":"50","author":"Frankel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.01.007","article-title":"Aqueous exposure to the progestin, levonorgestrel, alters anal fin development and reproductive behavior in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)","volume":"234","author":"Frankel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8278","article-title":"Structural changes in the angiofollicular units between active and hypofunctioning follicles align with differences in the epithelial expression of newly discovered proteins involved in iodine transport and organification","volume":"87","author":"Gerard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.010462","article-title":"Comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine dynamics in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"210","author":"Geven","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1021\/es970215h","article-title":"Disruption of sexual differentiation in genetic male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to an alkylphenol during different life stages","volume":"31","author":"Gimeno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.120","article-title":"Determination of progestogens in surface and waste water using SPE extraction and LC-APCI\/APPI-HRPS","volume":"621","author":"Golovko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib34","first-page":"502","article-title":"Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.05.019","article-title":"The progestin norethindrone affects sex differentiation and alters transcriptional profiles of genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in juvenile zebrafish Dario rerio","volume":"201","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.130","article-title":"Rapid masculinization and effects on the liver of female western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) by norethindrone","volume":"216","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.06.013","article-title":"The progestin levonorgestrel affects sex differentiation in zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations","volume":"166","author":"Hua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.059","article-title":"Dydrogesterone exposure induces zebrafish ovulation but leads to oocytes over-ripening: an integrated histological and metabolomics study","volume":"128","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609568104","article-title":"Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen","volume":"104","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(02)00189-3","article-title":"Effects of the antiandrogens, vinclozolin and cyproterone acetate on gonadal development in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"63","author":"Kiparissis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1992.00535.x","article-title":"Testicular development induced by a recessive mutation during gonadal differentiation of female common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.)","volume":"34","author":"Komen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.05.008","article-title":"The progestin levonorgestrel disrupts gonadotropin expression and sex steroid levels in pubertal roach (Rutilus rutilus)","volume":"154","author":"Kroupova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1021\/es5051343","article-title":"The challenge presented by progestins in ecotoxicological research: a critical review","volume":"49","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00144-8","article-title":"Drugs in the environment: emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources - a review","volume":"45","author":"K\u00fcmmerer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(97)80006-7","article-title":"Structure and function of the ovarian cavity and oviduct and composition of the ovarian fluid in the bleak, Alburnus alburnus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)","volume":"29","author":"Lahnsteiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620191210","article-title":"More male fish embryos near a pulp mill","volume":"19","author":"Larsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.04.009","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of BPA, BPF and BPS in zebrafish-specific assays","volume":"142","author":"Le Fol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib49","series-title":"Sex Differentiation, Hermaphroditism and Intersexuality in Vertebrates Including Man","author":"Lepori","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.01.006","article-title":"Long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of progesterone and norgestrel affects sex differentiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"160","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2014.09.007","article-title":"Progesterone and norgestrel alter transcriptional expression of genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish embryos-larvae","volume":"167","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr159","article-title":"The synthetic gestagen levonorgestrel impairs metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis by disruption of the thyroid system","volume":"123","author":"Lorenz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2016.05.011","article-title":"The synthetic gestagen levonorgestrel directly affects gene expression in thyroid and pituitary glands of Xenopus laevis tadpoles","volume":"177","author":"Lorenz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.12.022","article-title":"The progestin norethisterone affects thyroid-hormone dependent metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles at environmentally relevant concentrations","volume":"150","author":"Lorenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.05.022","article-title":"Oogenesis in teleosts: how fish eggs are formed","volume":"165","author":"Lubzens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.01.020","article-title":"Complex molecular changes induced by chronic progestogens exposure in roach Rutilus rutilus","volume":"139","author":"Maasz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.347","article-title":"Drospirenone induces the accumulation of triacylglycerides in the fish hepatoma cell line, PLHC-1","volume":"692","author":"Marque\u00f1o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.07.013","article-title":"Ovarian aromatase loss-of-function mutant medaka undergo ovary degeneration and partial female-to-male sex reversal after puberty","volume":"460","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14614","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04083","article-title":"Linking in vitro effects and detected organic micropollutants in surface water using mixture-toxicity modeling","volume":"49","author":"Neale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib60","series-title":"Test No. 210: Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test","author":"OECD","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.01.012","article-title":"Levonorgestrel exposure to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) alters survival, growth, steroidogenic gene expression and hormone production","volume":"148","author":"Overturf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.05.001","article-title":"Reproductive responses in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka following exposure to a synthetic progestin","volume":"99","author":"Paulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"norethindrone. Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early development of the carp, Cyprinus carpio","volume":"17","author":"Pe\u0148\u00e1z","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Nat. Brno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TX20005H","article-title":"Triclosan interferes with the thyroid axis in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"2","author":"Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2015.1045629","article-title":"Role of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquaculture production systems","volume":"8","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2016.02.005","article-title":"Activity of binary mixtures of drospirenone with progesterone and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in vitro and in vivo","volume":"174","author":"Rossier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1021\/es3048834","article-title":"Several synthetic progestins with different potencies adversely affect reproduction of fish","volume":"47","author":"Runnalls","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2010.526503","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: steroids and anti-steroids as high priorities for research","volume":"16","author":"Runnalls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097378","article-title":"Disrupted oogenesis in the frog Xenopus tropicalis after exposure to environmental progestin concentrations","volume":"86","author":"S\u00e4fholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.06.002","article-title":"Adverse effects in wild fish living downstream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges","volume":"37","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2003.09.014","article-title":"Classification and pharmacology of progestins","volume":"46","author":"Schindler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.02.013","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in fish","volume":"165","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230252824761","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonneoplastic lesions in toxicology studies","volume":"30","author":"Shackelford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.01.009","article-title":"Effects of a model androgen (methyl testosterone) and a model anti-androgen (cyproterone acetate) on reproductive endocrine endpoints in a short-term adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) bioassay","volume":"67","author":"Sharpe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8903","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02556","article-title":"Dydrogesterone causes male bias and accelerates sperm maturation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.04.014","article-title":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate affects sex differentiation and spermatogenesis in zebrafish","volume":"212","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109556","article-title":"Dydrogesterone affects the transcription of genes in visual cycle and circadian rhythm network in the eye of zebrafish","volume":"183","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2016.11.001","volume":"182","author":"Siegenthaler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1021\/es0101227","article-title":"Something from \u201cnothing\u201d - eight weak estrogenic chemicals combined at concentrations below NOECs produce significant mixture effects","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.01.001","article-title":"Pharmacological profile of progestins","volume":"47","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.187","article-title":"Zebrafish-based reporter gene assays reveal different estrogenic activities in river waters compared to a conventional human-derived assay","volume":"550","author":"Sonavane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1008","article-title":"Progestogens used in postmenopausal hormone therapy: differences in their pharmacological properties, intracellular actions, and clinical effects","volume":"34","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.276","article-title":"Synthetic progestin etonogestrel negatively affects mating behavior and reproduction in Endler's guppies (Poecilia wingei)","volume":"663","author":"Steinbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-5-1576","article-title":"Transformation of normal follicles into thyrotropin-refractory cold follicles in aging mouse thyroid-gland","volume":"102","author":"Studer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/aheh.200400555","article-title":"Endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment: an overview","volume":"33","author":"Sumpter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1959","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of differentiated ovary into functional testis by long-term treatment of aromatase inhibitor in nile tilapia","volume":"155","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.12.013","article-title":"Environmental concentrations of an androgenic progestin disrupts the seasonal breeding cycle in male three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)","volume":"147","author":"Svensson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.02.065","article-title":"Two synthetic progestins and natural progesterone are responsible for most of the progestagenic activities in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Czech and Slovak republics","volume":"137","author":"\u0160auer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.06.104","article-title":"Do progestins contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in aquatic environments?","volume":"242","author":"\u0160auer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib91","series-title":"An Atlas of Fish Histology: Normal and Pathological Features","first-page":"195","author":"Takashima","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib92","first-page":"174","article-title":"Modification of the development of female reproductive organs in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, following an androgen treatment in their juvenile period","volume":"25","author":"Takahashi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.081","article-title":"The consequences of exposure to mixtures of chemicals: something from 'nothing' and 'a lot from a little' when fish are exposed to steroid hormones","volume":"619","author":"Thrupp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.11.018","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis on Atrazine-induced oxidative stress- mediated hepatic damage and inflammation in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"149","author":"Toughan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.05.003","article-title":"Expression of gonadotropin subunits in roach (Rutilus rutilus, Cyprinidae) infected with plerocercoids of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda)","volume":"39","author":"Trubiroha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00302","article-title":"Facing the challenges of neuropeptide gene knockouts: why do they not inhibit reproduction in adult teleost fish?","volume":"12","author":"Trudeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122584","article-title":"Oocyte growth and development in teleosts","volume":"6","author":"Tyler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev. Fish Biol. Fish."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib98","series-title":"Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology","first-page":"902","author":"Wallig","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/14634988.2013.759073","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic environments: a potential reason for organism extinction?","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Ecosys. Health Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1897\/08-485.1","article-title":"Effects of synthetic gestagens on fish reproduction","volume":"28","author":"Zeilinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1256","article-title":"Genetic analysis of zebrafish gonadotropin (FSH and LH) functions by TALEN-mediated gene disruption","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.1021\/es505575v","article-title":"Synthetic progestins medroxyprogesterone acetate and dydrogesterone and their binary mixtures adversely affect reproduction and lead to histological and transcriptional alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"49","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10155","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02226","article-title":"Environmental progestins progesterone and drospirenone alter the circadian rhythm network in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"49","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.1021\/es300231y","article-title":"Progestins and antiprogestins affect gene expression in early development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmental concentrations","volume":"46","author":"Zucchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1021\/es405584f","article-title":"Transcriptional and physiological responses induced by binary mixtures of drospirenone and progesterone in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"48","author":"Zucchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651319312436?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651319312436?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:56:56Z","timestamp":1777489016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651319312436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S0147651319312436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic simultaneous exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from embryonic to juvenile stage to drospirenone and gestodene at low ng\/L level caused intersex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109912","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109912"}}