{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:12:34Z","timestamp":1793106754880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007546","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l\u2019Alimentation, de l\u2019Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRD-2015-23_PPV15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRD-2015-23_PPV15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007546","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l\u2019Alimentation, de l\u2019Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T17:54:34Z","timestamp":1595008474000},"page":"110979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A two years field experiment to assess the impact of two fungicides on earthworm communities and their recovery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Amoss\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Bart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Brulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleo","family":"Tebby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Beaudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"N\u00e9lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre R.R.","family":"P\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(18)60034-7","article-title":"Soil bulk density estimation methods: a review","volume":"28","author":"Al-Shammary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-018-1895-7","article-title":"Short-term effects of two fungicides on enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions","volume":"27","author":"Amoss\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.02.052","article-title":"Differences in sensitivity between earthworms and enchytraeids exposed to two commercial fungicides","volume":"140","author":"Bart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33867","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2579-9","article-title":"Aporrectodea caliginosa, a relevant earthworm species for a posteriori pesticide risk assessment: current knowledge and recommendations for culture and experimental design","volume":"25","author":"Bart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.06.049","article-title":"Effects of two common fungicides on the reproduction of Aporrectodea caliginosa in natural soil","volume":"181","author":"Bart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06985-z","article-title":"An energy-based model to analyze growth data of earthworms exposed to two fungicides","volume":"27","author":"Bart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.11.011","article-title":"Ecotoxicology and macroecology - time for integration","volume":"162","author":"Beketov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x","article-title":"The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib9","series-title":"Soil Organisms as Components of Ecosystems","first-page":"122","article-title":"Strat\u00e9gies lombriciennes","author":"Bouch\u00e9","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2300(88)90031-1","article-title":"Putting the eco in ecotoxicology","volume":"8","author":"Cairns","year":"1988","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib11","series-title":"Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Company","author":"Carson","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5938-9","article-title":"Transport of organic contaminants in subsoil horizons and effects of dissolved organic matter related to organic waste recycling practices","volume":"23","author":"Chabauty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8814","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07761-0","article-title":"Better define beta-optimizing MDD (minimum detectable difference) when interpreting treatment-related effects of pesticides in semi-field and field studies","volume":"27","author":"Duquesne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib14","first-page":"4313","article-title":"Recovery in environmental risk assessments at EFSA","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib15","first-page":"4499","article-title":"Guidance to develop specific protection goals options for environmental risk assessment at EFSA, in relation to biodiversity and ecosystem services","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dimoxystrobin","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conclusion on the peer review of epoxiconazole","volume":"138","year":"2008","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1598","article-title":"Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance carbendazim","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2011.07.008","article-title":"Earthworms as colonizers of natural and cultivated soil environments","volume":"50","author":"Eijsackers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.02.017","article-title":"The implications of copper fungicide usage in vineyards for earthworm activity and resulting sustainable soil quality","volume":"62","author":"Eijsackers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib21","author":"e-phy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1897\/05-257R.1","article-title":"The use and misuse of biomarkers in ecotoxicology","volume":"25","author":"Forbes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-010-0575-z","article-title":"Fate and effects of ivermectin on soil invertebrates in terrestrial model ecosystems","volume":"20","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1983.10509354","article-title":"A nonstochastic interpretation of reported significance levels","volume":"1","author":"Freedman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Bus. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.05.001","article-title":"Earthworm tolerance to residual agricultural pesticide contamination: field and experimental assessment of detoxification capabilities","volume":"192","author":"Givaudan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2307\/1934352","article-title":"Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences","volume":"54","author":"Hill","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.07.018","article-title":"Does organic farming benefit biodiversity?","volume":"122","author":"Hole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous inference in general parametric models","volume":"50","author":"Hothorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib29","series-title":"FactoMineR: Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining with R","author":"Husson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib30","series-title":"Soil Quality: Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms Part 3: Guidance on the Determination of Effects in Field Situations","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib31","series-title":"Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Part 2: Determination of Effects on Reproduction","first-page":"11268","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9670733","article-title":"The movement of copper, molybdenum, and selenium in soils as indicated by radioactive isotopes","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"1967","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/3545850","article-title":"Organisms as ecosystem engineers","volume":"69","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1997)078[1946:PANEOO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers","volume":"78","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0013","article-title":"Recovery of aquatic and terrestrial populations in the context of European pesticide risk assessment","volume":"23","author":"Kattwinkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-4056(24)00381-0","article-title":"Effects of metals and metal mixtures on survival and cocoon production of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa","volume":"40","author":"Khalil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1897\/03-652.1","article-title":"Analyzing effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities in streams","volume":"24","author":"Liess","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.08.045","article-title":"Earthworms coordinate soil biota to improve multiple ecosystem functions","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-6377-5","article-title":"Antioxidant responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa of eastern Slovakia: application of principal component analysis as a tool to identify metal contaminated areas","volume":"190","author":"Maity","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317626","article-title":"Colonization of new habitats by earthworms","volume":"91","author":"Marinissen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.10.018","article-title":"Habitat quality, conspecific density, and habitat pre-use affect the dispersal behaviour of two earthworm species Aporrectodea icterica and Dendrobaena veneta, in a mesocosm experiment","volume":"42","author":"Mathieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib42","series-title":"Risk Assessment and Risk Management.","first-page":"137","article-title":"Aquatic risk assessment and risk - management for pesticides","author":"Maund","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0000000000000030","article-title":"Dimoxystrobin sorption and degradation in sandy loam soil: impact of different landscape positions","volume":"178","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.10.012","article-title":"Effects of an aged copper contamination on distribution of earthworms, reproduction and cocoon hatchability","volume":"135","author":"Mirmonsef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-017-1261-6","article-title":"Metal soil pollution differentially affects both the behaviour and exposure of A-caliginosa and L-terrestris: a mesocosm study","volume":"54","author":"Mombo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0169-6","article-title":"The use of the multivariate Principal Response Curve (PRC) for community level analysis: a case study on the effects of carbendazim on enchytraeids in Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (TME)","volume":"16","author":"Moser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5270-4","article-title":"Evaluation of epoxiconazole bioavailability in soil to the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica","volume":"23","author":"N\u00e9lieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib48","first-page":"4690","article-title":"Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms","volume":"15","author":"EFSA PPR Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues)","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib49","series-title":"Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib50","series-title":"Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib51","series-title":"Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida\/Eisenia andrei)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib52","author":"Oksanen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2009.11.006","article-title":"Effects of natural (flooding and drought) and anthopigenic (copper and salinity) stressors on the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa under field conditions","volume":"44","author":"Owojori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(99)00034-1","article-title":"The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as bioindicators","volume":"74","author":"Paoletti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2008.09.013","article-title":"Earthworm collection from agricultural fields: comparisons of selected expellants in presence\/absence of hand-sorting","volume":"45","author":"Pelosi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.09.034","article-title":"Searching for a more sensitive earthworm species to be used in pesticide homologation tests - a meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Pelosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.10.003","article-title":"Reduction of pesticide use can increase earthworm populations in wheat crops in a European temperate region","volume":"181","author":"Pelosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-013-0151-z","article-title":"Pesticides and earthworms. A review","volume":"34","author":"Pelosi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2014.12.004","article-title":"Earthworms in a 15 years agricultural trial","volume":"88","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4845-4","article-title":"Sublethal effects of epoxiconazole on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica","volume":"23","author":"Pelosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2014.03.007","article-title":"Current use of and future needs for soil invertebrate functional traits in community ecology","volume":"15","author":"Pey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/83.6.2362","article-title":"Toxicity of pesticides to earthworms (Oligochaeta: lumbricidae) and effect on thatch degradation in Kentucky bluegrass turf","volume":"83","author":"Potter","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib63","series-title":"PPDB (Pesticide Properties DataBase)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib64","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ECTX.0000012408.58017.08","article-title":"Ring-testing and field-validation of a Terrestrial Model Ecosystem (TME) - an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: effects of carbendazim on earthworms","volume":"13","author":"R\u00f6mbke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.06.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem","volume":"74","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.09.089","article-title":"Responses of earthworms to repeated exposure to three biocides applied singly and as a mixture in an agricultural field","volume":"505","author":"Schnug","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-1030-0","article-title":"The response of soil organism communities to the application of the insecticide lindane in terrestrial model ecosystems","volume":"22","author":"Scholz-Starke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib69","series-title":"Earthworms","author":"Sims","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(96)00027-2","article-title":"Avoidance response as a sublethal effect of pesticides on Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta)","volume":"29","author":"Slimak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/09542299.2018.1558114","article-title":"Mobility and fractionation of copper in sandy soils","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. pollut. bioavailab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009944004756","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of stress in experimental ecosystems by principal response curves and similarity analysis","volume":"32","author":"Van den Brink","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620180207","article-title":"Principal response curves: analysis of time-dependent multivariate responses of biological community to stress","volume":"18","author":"Van den Brink","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(95)00180-G","article-title":"Effects of chronic low concentrations of the pesticides chloropyrifos and atrazine in indoor freshwater microcosms","volume":"31","author":"Van den Brink","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(99)00037-5","article-title":"Impact of the fungicide carbendazim in freshwater microcosms. II. Zooplankton, primary producers and final conclusions","volume":"48","author":"Van den Brink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.02.014","article-title":"Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils","volume":"329","author":"Van Zwieten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib77","first-page":"104","article-title":"Species-specific differences in biomarker responses in two ecologically different earthworms exposed to the insecticide dimethoate","volume":"156","author":"Velki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib78","series-title":"Principles of Ecotoxicology","author":"Walker","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib79","first-page":"241","article-title":"Avoidance of brass powder-contaminated soil by the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris","volume":"7","author":"Wentsel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.14512\/gaia.21.3.13","article-title":"50 Years of ecotoxicology since silent spring - a review","volume":"21","author":"Werner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gaia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v021.i12","article-title":"Reshaping data with the reshape package","volume":"21","author":"Wickham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2010.01950.x","article-title":"Mixed effects of organic farming and landscape complexity on farmland biodiversity and biological control potential across Europe","volume":"48","author":"Winqvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651320308186?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651320308186?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:57:27Z","timestamp":1777489047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651320308186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0147651320308186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A two years field experiment to assess the impact of two fungicides on earthworm communities and their recovery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110979","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110979"}}