{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:51:25Z","timestamp":1790481085031,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201906320051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201906320051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T01:50:28Z","timestamp":1625017828000},"page":"112481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Heyworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-014-0263-x","article-title":"Seasonal and diurnal variations of BTEX and their potential for ozone formation in the urban background atmosphere of the coastal city Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"7","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232020256.1.10502020","article-title":"Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil","volume":"25","author":"Aquino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.001","article-title":"A review on health cost accounting of air pollution in China","volume":"120","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forest","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53103-7","article-title":"The impact of climate change on the western pacific subtropical high and the related ozone pollution in Shanghai, China","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.08.029","article-title":"Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality in three Chinese cities: the China air pollution and health effects study (CAPES)","volume":"409","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib8","article-title":"Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the COVID-19 outbreak in China","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1862OC","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality. a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"196","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000829","article-title":"Associations between ambient nitrogen dioxide and daily cause-specific mortality: evidence from 272 Chinese cities","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2711","article-title":"Associations between coarse particulate matter air pollution and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030990","article-title":"Impact of urbanization on PM(2.5)-related health and economic loss in China 338 cities","volume":"17","author":"Diao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-020-02877-y","article-title":"The influence of COVID-19 on air quality in India: a boon or inutile","volume":"104","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib14","series-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction","author":"Hastie","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127595","article-title":"Effect of bromine and iodine chemistry on tropospheric ozone over Asia-Pacific using the CMAQ model","volume":"262","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30141-4","article-title":"Health impact of China\u2019s air pollution prevention and control action plan: an analysis of national air quality monitoring and mortality data","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib18","series-title":"Valuation of Health Risks with Discrete Choice Experiment and Cost-benefit Analysis of Air Pollution Control Strategies","author":"Jin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2020.102355","article-title":"Do preferences to reduce health risks related to air pollution depend on illness type? Evidence from a choice experiment in Beijing, China.","volume":"103","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105507","article-title":"Air quality co-benefits from climate mitigation for human health in South Korea","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105823","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distributions of surface ozone levels in China from 2005 to 2017: a machine learning approach","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30181-X","article-title":"Ambient carbon monoxide and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide time-series analysis in 272 cities in China","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812168116","article-title":"Anthropogenic drivers of 2013-2017 trends in summer surface ozone in China","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127572","article-title":"Effects of China\u2019s current air pollution prevention and control action plan on air pollution patterns, health risks and mortalities in Beijing 2014-2018","volume":"260","author":"Maji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.006","article-title":"Health damages from air pollution in China","volume":"22","author":"Matus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23496.1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India: epidemiological features and in silico analysis of the effect of interventions","volume":"9","author":"Mazumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139087","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil","volume":"730","author":"Nakada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib28","article-title":"Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review","volume":"4","author":"Nussbaumer-Streit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115042","article-title":"Air quality during the COVID-19: PM2.5 analysis in the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world","volume":"266","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Urrego","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00009","article-title":"Using meta-smoothing to estimate dose-response trends across multiple studies, with application to air pollution and daily death","volume":"11","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117626","article-title":"Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gasoline- and liquified natural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles in tunnel studies","volume":"234","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141012","article-title":"Reductions in mortality resulting from reduced air pollution levels due to COVID-19 mitigation measures","volume":"744","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.09.004","article-title":"Acute mortality effects of carbon monoxide in the Pearl River Dalta of China","volume":"410\u2013411","author":"Tao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.030","article-title":"Economic impacts from PM2.5 pollution-related health effects in China\u2019s road transport sector: a provincial-level analysis","volume":"115","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2019.100674","article-title":"Toward the 2-degree target: evaluating co-benefits of road transportation in China","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138540","article-title":"Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic","volume":"726","author":"Tobias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib37","first-page":"36","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025598106257","article-title":"The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world","volume":"27","author":"Viscusi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Risk Uncertain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.019","article-title":"Associations between short-term exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide and increased cause-specific mortality in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139133","article-title":"Changes in air quality related to the control of coronavirus in China: implications for traffic and industrial emissions","volume":"731","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2009","article-title":"Co-benefits of global greenhouse gas mitigation for future air quality and human health","volume":"3","author":"West","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v077.i01","article-title":"ranger: a fast implementation of random forests for high dimensional Data in C++ and R","volume":"77","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib43","article-title":"Protection against acute cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi via neuroinflammatory network mobilization","volume":"125","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. = Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4836","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05576","article-title":"Economic impacts from PM2.5 pollution-related health effects in China: a provincial-level analysis","volume":"50","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.008","article-title":"Co-benefits of climate mitigation on air quality and human health in Asian countries","volume":"119","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.075","article-title":"Comparison of health and economic impacts of PM2.5 and ozone pollution in China","volume":"130","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104042","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aba97b","article-title":"Health and economic benefit of China\u2019s greenhouse gas mitigation by 2050.","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18876","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04999-1","article-title":"Effect and threshold of PM2.5 on population mortality in a highly polluted area: a study on applicability of standards","volume":"26","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1849","article-title":"Ambient ozone pollution and daily mortality: a nationwide study in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"125","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.07.053","article-title":"Burden of mortality and years of life lost due to ambient PM 10 pollution in Wuhan, China","volume":"230","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140000","article-title":"Significant changes in the chemical compositions and sources of PM2.5 in Wuhan since the city lockdown as COVID-19","volume":"739","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651321005935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651321005935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T05:37:18Z","timestamp":1758951438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651321005935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0147651321005935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112481","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112481"}}