{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:36:21Z","timestamp":1791257781353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004008","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T05:59:55Z","timestamp":1664776795000},"page":"114138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fate, transformation and toxicological implications of environmental diclofenac: Role of mineralogy and solar flux"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Nishanthi","family":"Ellepola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talysa","family":"Viera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen L.","family":"Patidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayan","family":"Rubasinghege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18458","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9482-7","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of diclofenac revisited: a computational approach to assessment of reaction mechanisms and by-products","volume":"24","author":"Agopcan Cinar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.867","article-title":"Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry to the analysis of phototransformation products of diclofenac in water under natural sunlight","volume":"40","author":"Ag\u00fcera","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.07.015","article-title":"Photolysis and UV\/H2O2 of diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and trimethoprim: Identification of their major degradation products by ESI\u2013LC\u2013MS and assessment of the toxicity of reaction mixtures","volume":"112","author":"Alharbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2013.01.004","article-title":"Effect of phosphoric acid treatment on kaolinite supported ferrioxalate catalyst for the degradation of amoxicillin in batch photo-Fenton process","volume":"72","author":"Ayodele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2012.12.031","article-title":"Degradation of diclofenac by pyrite catalyzed Fenton oxidation","volume":"134\u2013135","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B: Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.11.039","article-title":"Solar radiation influence on the decomposition process of diclofenac in surface waters","volume":"374","author":"Bartels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1021\/es980301x","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac in surface waters: rapid photodegradation in a lake","volume":"32","author":"Buser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.04.021","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation study of diclofenac over aqueous TiO2 suspensions","volume":"67","author":"Calza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B: Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404282y","article-title":"Fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals in soil\u2013plant systems","volume":"62","author":"Carter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.013","article-title":"Effects of ozone pre-treatment on diclofenac: Intermediates, biodegradability and toxicity assessment","volume":"407","author":"Coelho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.03.073","article-title":"Effect of carbon doping on WO3\/TiO2 coupled oxide and its photocatalytic activity on diclofenac degradation","volume":"42","author":"Cordero-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(98)00303-5","article-title":"In situ infrared spectroscopic analysis of the adsorption of aliphatic carboxylic acids to TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and Ta2O5 from aqueous solutions","volume":"55","author":"Dobson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109892","article-title":"A toxicological study on photo-degradation products of environmental ibuprofen: ecological and human health implications","volume":"188","author":"Ellepola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib14","first-page":"123","article-title":"Hepato-renal and hematological effects of diclofenac sodium in rats","volume":"7","author":"El-Maddawy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib15","first-page":"640","article-title":"Photochemistry of 2,6-d'ichlorodiphenylamine and 1-chlorocarbazole, the photoactive chromophores of diclofenac, meclofenamic acid and their major photoproducts","volume":"68","author":"Encinas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00703.x","article-title":"A photochemical study of diclofenac and its major transformation products","volume":"86","author":"Eriksson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0790-2","article-title":"Biomarker assessment of toxicity with miniaturised bioassays: diclofenac as a case study","volume":"21","author":"Feito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics2020136","article-title":"Diclofenac salts. V. examples of polymorphism among diclofenac salts with alkyl-hydroxy amines studied by DSC and HSM","volume":"2","author":"Fini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.486301","article-title":"Diclofenac: an update on its mechanism of action and safety profile","volume":"26","author":"Gan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.07.020","article-title":"Arsenic sorption onto natural hematite, magnetite, and goethite","volume":"141","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(02)00131-9","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium diclofenac and its degradation product in a topical emulgel by reversed-phase liquid chromatography","volume":"467","author":"H\u00e1jkov\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.115967","article-title":"The oxidative degradation of diclofenac using the activation of peroxymonosulfate by BiFeO3 microspheres \u2013 kinetics, role of visible light and decay pathways","volume":"232","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.06.063","article-title":"Degradation of the drug diclofenac in water by sonolysis in presence of catalysts","volume":"70","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.10.020","article-title":"Distribution of intraperitoneally injected diclofenac in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)","volume":"71","author":"Hoeger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00033a004","article-title":"Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis","volume":"95","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.10.023","article-title":"Metabolism of diclofenac in plants \u2013 hydroxylation is followed by glucose conjugation","volume":"243","author":"Huber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.068","article-title":"Ecotoxicity of naproxen and its phototransformation products","volume":"348","author":"Isidori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.270","article-title":"Occurrence, fate and environmental risk assessment of the organic microcontaminants included in the Watch Lists set by EU Decisions 2015\/495 and 2018\/840 in the groundwater of Spain","volume":"663","author":"Jurado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7213","DOI":"10.1021\/es903402c","article-title":"Metabolites of the aquatic pollutant diclofenac in fish bile","volume":"44","author":"Kallio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.06.079","article-title":"Dimer formation during UV photolysis of diclofenac","volume":"93","author":"Keen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F460","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1997.272.4.F460","article-title":"Localization of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in adult and fetal human kidney: implication for renal function","volume":"272","author":"Komhoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Ren. Physiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14908","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6580-x","article-title":"UV photolysis of diclofenac in water; kinetics, degradation pathway and environmental aspects","volume":"23","author":"Kovacic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.9767\/bcrec.8.1.4530.61-69","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of acids and alkali treated kaolin clay","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.09.057","article-title":"Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor","volume":"302","author":"Kummerov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-265X(03)00021-3","article-title":"Photo-degradation study of some triazine-type herbicides","volume":"75","author":"L\u00e1nyi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.10.031","article-title":"Species-specific toxicity of diclofenac and troglitazone in primary human and rat hepatocytes","volume":"179","author":"Lauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. -Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1086704","article-title":"Impact of hydrogen peroxide on the UVC photolysis of diclofenac and toxicity of the phototransformation products","volume":"2019","author":"Ledakowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.09.012","article-title":"Critical role of free cytosolic calcium, but not uncoupling, in mitochondrial permeability transition and cell death induced by diclofenac oxidative metabolites in immortalized human hepatocytes","volume":"217","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.09.014","article-title":"Diclofenac and its transformation products: Environmental occurrence and toxicity - a review","volume":"96","author":"Lonappan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.01.022","article-title":"The study of biological activity of transformation products of diclofenac and its interaction with chlorogenic acid","volume":"91","author":"Matejczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.04.013","article-title":"Hematite nanostructures: an old material for a new story. Simultaneous photoelectrochemical oxidation of benzylamine and hydrogen production through Ti doping","volume":"61","author":"Mazzaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3948","article-title":"Acute exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of diclofenac elicits oxidative stress in the culturally important galaxiid fish Galaxias maculatus","volume":"37","author":"McRae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1021\/es903702m","article-title":"Uptake and biological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical diclofenac in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"44","author":"Mehinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00189-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of photosensitization by phototoxic drugs","volume":"422","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08667.x","article-title":"Photochemical studies on the antiinflammatory drug diclofenac","volume":"52","author":"Moore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.01.040","article-title":"Biodegradation of diclofenac by the bacterial strain Labrys portucalensis F11","volume":"152","author":"Moreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1039\/b900144a","article-title":"Photo-degradation mechanism of the common non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and its carbazole photoproduct","volume":"11","author":"Musa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-003-0671-8","article-title":"Photochemical fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment: Naproxen, diclofenac, clofibric acid, and ibuprofen","volume":"65","author":"Packer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(99)00089-8","article-title":"Analysis of diclofenac sodium and derivatives","volume":"21","author":"Palomo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib50","first-page":"63","volume":"428","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adsorption of zwitterionic fluoroquinolone antibacterials to goethite: A charge distribution-multisite complexation model"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11896","DOI":"10.1021\/es302097k","article-title":"Surface complexation of the zwitterionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic ofloxacin to nano-anatase TiO2 photocatalyst surfaces","volume":"46","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.275","article-title":"Biotoxicity of diclofenac on two larval amphibians: assessment of development, growth, cardiac function and rhythm, behavior and antioxidant system","volume":"683","author":"Peltzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8300","DOI":"10.1021\/es050794n","article-title":"Photo-fenton degradation of diclofenac: identification of main intermediates and degradation pathway","volume":"39","author":"P\u00e9rez-Estrada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.032","article-title":"Suppressive effect of Spirulina fusiformis on diclofenac-induced hepato-renal injury and gastrointestinal ulcer in Wistar albino rats: a biochemical and histological approach","volume":"88","author":"Peter S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200205","article-title":"Photo-degradation of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac in a lake: pathway, field measurements, and mathematical modeling","volume":"20","author":"Poiger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422012000300022","article-title":"Photochemical characteristics of diclofenac and its photo-degradation of inclusion complexes with \u03b2-cyclodextrins","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2013.11.081","article-title":"Growth, morphology, spectral and thermal studies of gel grown diclofenac acid crystals","volume":"389","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(03)01173-7","article-title":"Formation of an artifact of diclofenac during acidic extraction of environmental water samples","volume":"1011","author":"Reddersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.10.039","article-title":"Photodegradation kinetics and transformation products of ketoprofen, diclofenac and atenolol in pure water and treated wastewater","volume":"244\u2013245","author":"Salgado","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.01.037","article-title":"Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry detection of diclofenac and related compounds in water samples","volume":"1538","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0825-3","article-title":"Phytotoxicity assessment of diclofenac and its phototransformation products","volume":"387","author":"Schmitt-Jansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.03.014","article-title":"Toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac: Part I: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout","volume":"68","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13655","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9533584","article-title":"Comparison of the photoelectronic and photocatalytic activities of various anatase and rutile forms of titania in pure liquid organic phases and in aqueous solutions","volume":"100","author":"Sclafani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.08.057","article-title":"Organokaolin for the uptake of pharmaceuticals diclofenac and chloramphenicol from water","volume":"330","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.02.005","article-title":"The use of diclofenac sodium in urological practice: A structural and neurochemical based review","volume":"87","author":"Ulubay","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2003.09.028","article-title":"Advanced oxidation of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac with UV\/H2O2 and ozone","volume":"38","author":"Vogna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.10.1465","article-title":"Effects of celecoxib and naproxen on renal function in the elderly","volume":"160","author":"Whelton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/catal8110497","article-title":"Surface modification of hematite photoanodes for improvement of photoelectrochemical performance","volume":"8","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib69","series-title":"Adverse Effects of Diclofenac Sodium on Renal Parenchyma of Adult Albino Rats","author":"Yasmeen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.06.023","article-title":"Roles of functional groups of naproxen in its sorption to kaolinite","volume":"138","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.06.226","article-title":"Adsorption site-dependent transport of diclofenac in water saturated minerals and reference soils","volume":"236","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.016","article-title":"Degradation of diclofenac by advanced oxidation and reduction processes: kinetic studies, degradation pathways and toxicity assessments","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.210","article-title":"Efficiency and mechanism of diclofenac degradation by sulfite\/UV advanced reduction processes (ARPs)","volume":"688","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib74","first-page":"411","article-title":"Diclofenac photo-degradation under simulated sunlight: Effect of different forms of nitrogen and Kinetics","volume":"192","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2010.01.022","article-title":"Self-assembled hematite (\u03b1-Fe2O3) nanotube arrays for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of azo dye under simulated solar light irradiation","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B: Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.04.007","article-title":"Adsorption of diclofenac onto goethite: adsorption kinetics and effects of pH","volume":"180","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-018-4059-8","article-title":"Removal of diclofenac from aqueous phase by birnessite: effects of pH and common ions","volume":"230","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651322009782?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651322009782?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T05:58:46Z","timestamp":1758952726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651322009782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0147651322009782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fate, transformation and toxicological implications of environmental diclofenac: Role of mineralogy and solar flux","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114138","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114138"}}