{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:57:47Z","timestamp":1788274667139,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2023R62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R62"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T13:35:03Z","timestamp":1680701703000},"page":"114847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) as an early predictor of acute hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) poisoning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Meriam N.N.","family":"Rezk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerges M.","family":"Beshreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia Abdelrahman","family":"Meshref","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa Yehia","family":"Abdelzaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin A.","family":"Hafiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Althumairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada H.","family":"Aljarba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nermeen N.","family":"Welson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute hydrogen cyanamide toxicity: an outbreak in El-Minia Governorate; a prospective clinical study","volume":"15","author":"Abbas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ain-Shams J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib2","series-title":"Pulmonary Function Tests in Clinical Practice. Clinical Practice","article-title":"Arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation","author":"Altalag","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib3","unstructured":"Bradbury, S., 2007. Hydrogen Cyanamide Summary Document Registration Review Initial Docket Number EPA-HQOPP- 20071014. Available at: \u3008www.regulations.gov\u3009."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90030-X","article-title":"Inhibition of the peroxidatic activity of catalase towards alcohols by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide","volume":"29","author":"Cederbaum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib5","first-page":"845","article-title":"Pesticide-related illnesses associated with the use of a plant growth regulator--Italy, 2001","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2001","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib6","first-page":"405","article-title":"Update: hydrogen cyanamide-related illnesses--Italy, 2002\u20132004","volume":"54","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2005","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2004.06.016","article-title":"High mortality rate in patients with advanced liver disease independent of exposure to general anesthesia","volume":"17","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020969106163","article-title":"Absolute bioavailability and absorption profile of cyanamide in man","volume":"27","author":"Colom","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/10599240903050704","article-title":"Disulfiram-like syndrome after hydrogen cyanamide professional skin exposure: two case reports in France","volume":"14","author":"De Haro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agromed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(98)00106-9","article-title":"Urinary excretion of biomarkers for radical-induced damage in rats treated with NDMA or diquat and the effects of calcium carbimide co-administration","volume":"117","author":"de Zwart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.21608\/ejom.2020.67632","article-title":"Acute toxicity due to occupational exposure to the plant growth regulator hydrogen cyanamide (case report)","volume":"44","author":"El Mahdy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Occup. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib12","series-title":"Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide (Dormex) on Bud Break, Yield and Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapes under the Egyptian Nile Delta Conditions","first-page":"596","author":"El-Alem","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib13","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2003. Information Statistics. Washington. EPA from a Calcium Cyanamide Production Plant. Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Prophyl Ergonomie, 43, pp. 254\u2013258."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.21608\/ajfm.2012.19540","article-title":"A clinical study of acute hydrogen cyanamide toxicity in the period between 2006-2009 in the Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University","volume":"19","author":"Gamaluddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ain Shams J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"439","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.105.439.476","article-title":"Disulfiram and citrated calcium carbimide in the treatment of alcoholism","volume":"105","author":"Glatt","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib16","unstructured":"Gloxhuber, C., Wittman, H., Bornemann, W., et al., 1989. Clinical Examination of Hypersensitization Towards Hydrogen Cyanamide and Calcium Cyanamide in Employees of the Calcium Cyanamide Production Plant of SKW Trostberg. Pesticide Registration, Document Number 50660-049."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib17","series-title":"Cyanamides. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(03)00064-7","article-title":"Blood film preparation and staining procedures","volume":"22","author":"Houwen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib19","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Glasgow coma scale","author":"Jain","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.027029","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)","volume":"70","author":"Ke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12736","article-title":"CT\u2010based classification of acute cerebral edema: association with intracranial pressure and outcome","volume":"30","author":"Lietke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02447121","article-title":"Effect of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole on oxidation-phosphorylation coupling and the state of the mitochondrial adenosine system in the liver of albino rats","volume":"121","author":"Manoilov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20295","article-title":"Drug\u2010induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to cyanamide associated with multiple reactivation of human herpesviruses","volume":"75","author":"Mitani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2008.05.015","article-title":"The effect of chilling, defoliation and hydrogen cyanamide on dormancy release, bud break and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar","volume":"118","author":"Mohamed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib25","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 2001. OSHA Health Guidelines. Safety and Health Topics: NIOSH\/OSHA\/DOE. Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Cyanamide. Available at: \u3008http:\/\/www.osha.gov\/sltc\/healthguidelines\/cyanamide\/recognition.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib26","series-title":"Action Program for Dormex Application on Peaches. Dormex Application Information","first-page":"1","author":"Powell","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650802459254","article-title":"The adverse effects of hydrogen cyanamide on human health: an evaluation of inquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre","volume":"47","author":"Schep","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00292-0","article-title":"Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1: mechanisms and consequences","volume":"59","author":"Semenza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.83894","article-title":"DORMEX\u00ae-hydrogen cyanamide poisoning","volume":"4","author":"Sephardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Trauma Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01540-0","article-title":"Role of catalase in the smooth muscle relaxant actions of sodium azide and cyanamide","volume":"435","author":"Shahidullah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13655-6","article-title":"Evaluation of multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS) and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score as in-hospital outcome predictors among cases of hydrogen cyanamide exposure: a cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Sharif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.4065\/80.7.923","article-title":"How to interpret and pursue an abnormal complete blood cell count in adults","author":"Tefferi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2144\/000112776","article-title":"Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis","volume":"44","author":"VanGuilder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00126097-200112000-00011","article-title":"Reference values for ambulatory blood pressure and self-measured blood pressure based on prospective outcome data","volume":"6","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood Press. Monit."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2855-2","article-title":"Anemia during and at discharge from intensive care: the impact of restrictive blood transfusion practice","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651323003512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651323003512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T06:13:04Z","timestamp":1758953584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651323003512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0147651323003512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) as an early predictor of acute hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) poisoning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114847","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114847"}}