{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T13:20:15Z","timestamp":1784208015872,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1695061517000},"page":"115487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficient trapping and destruction of SARS-CoV-2 using PECO-assisted Molekule air purifiers in the laboratory and real-world settings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Arpan","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4284-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri","family":"Surbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michellie","family":"Thurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatura","family":"Wickramaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4591-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajat","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley R.","family":"Ravnholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle N.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua L.","family":"Santarpia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet S.","family":"Dhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddappa N.","family":"Byrareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09924-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to neurological dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01437-21","article-title":"Discovery and evaluation of entry inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants","volume":"95","author":"Acharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.806","article-title":"PI3K-alpha\/mTOR\/BRD4 inhibitor alone or in combination with other anti-virals blocks replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern including Delta and Omicron","volume":"12","author":"Acharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5053","article-title":"Indoor air changes and potential implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission","volume":"325","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018995118","article-title":"A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19","volume":"118","author":"Bazant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.12.019","article-title":"Impact of a novel mobile high-efficiency particulate air-ultraviolet air recirculation system on the bacterial air burden during routine care","volume":"47","author":"Bischoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/305068a0","article-title":"Targeted mutagenesis of SV40 DNA induced by UV light","volume":"305","author":"Bourre","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib8","unstructured":"CDC, CDC Reports Early Increases in Seasonal Flu Activity. 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16737-7","article-title":"Airborne concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community environments in Italy","volume":"29","author":"Conte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-4461-2021","article-title":"Comparative characterization of the performance of bio-aerosol nebulizers in connection with atmospheric simulation chambers","volume":"14","author":"Danelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38155-0","article-title":"Indoor-air purification by photoelectrochemical oxidation mitigates allergic airway responses to aerosolized cat dander in a murine model","volume":"13","author":"Devadoss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29402-5","article-title":"Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination","volume":"13","author":"Dhanasekaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151137","article-title":"A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: implication for airborne transmission","volume":"809","author":"Dinoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.13109","article-title":"HEPA filters of portable air cleaners as a tool for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"32","author":"Fernandez de Mera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2021.700888","article-title":"Perspectives of manipulative and high-performance nanosystems to manage consequences of emerging new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants","volume":"3","author":"Gage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030408","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 survival on surfaces and the effect of UV-C light","volume":"13","author":"Gidari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15271","article-title":"Universal masking in the United States: the role of mandates, health education, and the CDC","volume":"324","author":"Gostin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib18","series-title":"Amid Brutal Season of Viral Infections, Children\u2019s Hospitals Brace for Impact of Holiday Gatherings","author":"Hassan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01096-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries","volume":"5","author":"Josephson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib20","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: a study of the dispersion characteristics of aerosol particles using ultrafast carbon nanotube sensors in a simulated indoor environment (A Novel Technique)","volume":"19","author":"Kapoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. South Carol. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 and its modes of transmission","author":"Karia","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr. Clin. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib22","article-title":"To manage long COVID by selective SARS-CoV-2 infection biosensing","volume":"3","author":"Kaushik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7306","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01004","article-title":"Electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 sensing at point-of-care and artificial intelligence for intelligent COVID-19 management","volume":"3","author":"Kaushik","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2022.100236","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical oxidation assisted air purifiers; perspective as potential tools to control indoor SARS-CoV-2 exposure","volume":"9","author":"Kaushik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12458","article-title":"Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: theoretical considerations and available evidence","volume":"324","author":"Klompas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12458","article-title":"Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: theoretical considerations and available evidence","author":"Klompas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib27","series-title":"Measurement and presentation of aerosol size distribution","author":"Knutson","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.025","article-title":"Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients","volume":"100","author":"Lednicky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7027e1","article-title":"Efficacy of portable air cleaners and masking for reducing indoor exposure to simulated exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols - United States, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Lindsley","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib30","first-page":"37","article-title":"Proper use of the hierarchy of controls","volume":"64","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prof. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107186","article-title":"Performance analysis of portable HEPA filters and temporary plastic anterooms on the spread of surrogate coronavirus","volume":"183","author":"Mousavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.13029","article-title":"Portable air cleaners and residential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols: a real-world study","volume":"32","author":"Myers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720967528","article-title":"Ventilation use in nonmedical settings during COVID-19: cleaning protocol, maintenance, and recommendations","volume":"36","author":"Nembhard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review","volume":"78","author":"Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2109285","article-title":"Confronting our next national health disaster - long-haul covid","volume":"385","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05763","article-title":"Greater than 3-log reduction in viable coronavirus aerosol concentration in ducted ultraviolet-C (UV-C) systems","volume":"55","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12847","article-title":"Wind tunnel-based testing of a photoelectrochemical oxidative filter-based air purification unit in coronavirus and influenza aerosol removal and inactivation","volume":"31","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36986-z","article-title":"Indoor air surveillance and factors associated with respiratory pathogen detection in community settings in Belgium","volume":"14","author":"Raymenants","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070538","article-title":"Molecular aspects of COVID-19 differential pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Rothan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib40","article-title":"Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care","volume":"10","author":"Santarpia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib41","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission: a review of risk factors and possible preventative measures using air purifiers","author":"Sheraz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2020.10.005","article-title":"COVID-19 - a vascular disease","volume":"31","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00406","article-title":"Impact of social determinants of health on the emerging COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Singu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"976","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib44","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol and Surface Detections in COVID-19 Testing Centers and Implications for Transmission Risk in Public Facing Workers","volume":"20","author":"Stein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib45","first-page":"168","article-title":"Pulmonary deposition and retention of inhaled aerosols","volume":"37","author":"Sulavik","year":"1964","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.12.022","article-title":"Dismantling myths on the airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"110","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib47","article-title":"Antibacterial and antiviral high-performance nanosystems to mitigate new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","volume":"21","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-10-27-RA-728","article-title":"Unusual high exposure to ultraviolet-C radiation","volume":"82","author":"Trevisan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2022.05.020","article-title":"Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope E protein to human BRD4 is essential for infection","volume":"30","author":"Vann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., et al., 2022. Disruption in seasonality, patient characteristics and disparities of respiratory syncytial virus infection among young children in the US during and before the COVID-19 pandemic: 2010\u20132022. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.29.22282887"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487_bib51","unstructured":"WHO, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2023."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651323009910?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651323009910?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T06:29:16Z","timestamp":1758954556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651323009910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0147651323009910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficient trapping and destruction of SARS-CoV-2 using PECO-assisted Molekule air purifiers in the laboratory and real-world settings","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115487","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115487"}}