{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:19:00Z","timestamp":1789435140029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["421020-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["421020-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Korea Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A6A1A03033084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A1A03033084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T16:06:26Z","timestamp":1731427586000},"page":"117318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Alteration of growth performance and characterization of pathological lesions in long-term ammonia-exposed pigs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Byungkwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyoung","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bumseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.684","article-title":"Pathophysiologic correlates of acute porcine pleuropneumonia","volume":"61","author":"Baarsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.011","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"138","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-024-00924-4","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of a peripheral blood transcriptome signature in piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium: insight into immune responses","volume":"67","author":"Bok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115545","article-title":"Control of odor emissions from livestock farms: A review","volume":"225","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03377.x","article-title":"MUC5AC expression is increased in bronchial submucosal glands of stable COPD patients","volume":"55","author":"Caramori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113304","article-title":"Evaluation of potential cardiotoxicity of ammonia: l-selenomethionine inhibits ammonia-induced cardiac autophagy by activating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"233","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib7","unstructured":"Colina, J., Lewis, A., Miller, P.S. (2000). A review of the ammonia issue and pork production. Link: https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/coopext_swine\/108\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0151TR","article-title":"Advances in mucous cell metaplasia: a plug for mucus as a therapeutic focus in chronic airway disease","volume":"42","author":"Curran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9938-3","article-title":"Ammonia toxicity: from head to toe?","volume":"32","author":"Dasarathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.3.71","article-title":"Clinical and pathological responses of weaned pigs to atmospheric ammonia and dust","volume":"157","author":"Done","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200003000-00006","article-title":"Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: recommendations for exposure limits","author":"Donham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800513","article-title":"Acute anhydrous ammonia intoxication in cattle","volume":"18","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.09.024","article-title":"Oncostatin M (OSM) primes IL-13-and IL-4-induced eotaxin responses in fibroblasts: Regulation of the type-II IL-4 receptor chains IL-4R\u03b1 and IL-13R\u03b11","volume":"315","author":"Fritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Cel. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3844\/ajessp.2013.51.61","article-title":"Development and testing of an ammonia removal unit from the exhaust gas of a manure drying system","volume":"9","author":"Ghaly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.11.227","article-title":"Measurement of the Reid Index in Normal Pig Lungs","author":"Gil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20183","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and airway submucosal glands","volume":"40","author":"Inglis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2019.1580826","article-title":"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - a comprehensive review","volume":"39","author":"Iqbal Yatoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, P., Zhang, Y., Ru, B., Yang, Y., Vu, T., Paul, R., Mirza, A., Altan-Bonnet, G., Liu, L., Ruppin, E., Wakefield, L., Wucherpfenning K.W. (2021). Systematic investigation of cytokine signaling activity at the tissue and single-cell levels Nat Methods 18: 1181\u20131191. DOI: 10.1038\/s41592-021-01274-5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01274-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15250\/joie.2020.19.1.29","article-title":"A study on ammonia emissions characteristics during growing period of pigs in facility with mechanical ventilation system.","volume":"19","author":"Jo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Odor Indoor Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-003-0425-0","article-title":"Evaluation of the Reid index in infants and cases of SIDS","volume":"118","author":"Karger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib21","unstructured":"Kia'i, N. and Bajaj, T. (2019). Histology, respiratory epithelium. PMID: 31082105."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2166","article-title":"Ambient air pollution: health hazards to children","volume":"114","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2003.00493.x","article-title":"The airway epithelium: structural and functional properties in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Knight","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215217","article-title":"Mucus clearance as a primary innate defense mechanism for mammalian airways","volume":"109","author":"Knowles","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib25","first-page":"131","article-title":"Pulmonary stem cells and the induction of tissue regeneration in the treatment of emphysema","volume":"2","author":"Lenssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.019","article-title":"Ammonia induce lung tissue injury in broilers by activating NLRP3 inflammasome via Escherichia\/Shigella","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib27","first-page":"477","article-title":"A review of practices and technologies forodor control in swine production facilities","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7160","article-title":"Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from swine production facilities in North America: A meta-analysis1","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1)","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/29944","article-title":"Odor emission factors from livestock production","volume":"24","author":"Mielcarek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2018-y","article-title":"Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment-techniques for its reduction during poultry production","volume":"25","author":"Naseem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2018-0014","article-title":"Ventilatory disorders associated with occupational inhalation exposure to nitrogen trihydride (ammonia)","volume":"56","author":"Neghab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.014","article-title":"JAK and STAT signaling molecules in immunoregulation and immune-mediated disease.","volume":"36","author":"O'Shea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2015.1136715","article-title":"Assessment of inhaled acute ammonia-induced lung injury in rats","volume":"28","author":"Perkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112121","article-title":"Odor emissions: A public health concern for health risk perception","volume":"204","author":"Piccardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/0470868678.ch5","article-title":"Mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"234","author":"Rogers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Novartis. Found. Symp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.01.011","article-title":"Airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma: an undervalued pathology?","volume":"4","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120211","article-title":"Insights into cytokine\u2013receptor interactions from cytokine engineering","volume":"33","author":"Spangler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.800","article-title":"Acute respiratory effects of exposure to ammonia on healthy persons","author":"Sundblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010002","article-title":"Atmospheric Ammonia Affects Myofiber Development and Lipid Metabolism in Growing Pig Muscle","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.19.5.436","article-title":"A distribution curve for chronic bronchitis","volume":"19","author":"Thurlbeck","year":"1964","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.09.1335","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of aerial ammonia toxicity to the nasal mucosa by use of the nasal lavage method in pigs","volume":"55","author":"Urbain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/500","article-title":"Acute and prolonged effects of ammonia on hematological variables, stress responses, performance, and behavior of nursery pigs","volume":"15","author":"Von Borell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Swine. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140532","article-title":"The inflammatory injury of heart caused by ammonia is realized by oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism activating inflammatory pathway","volume":"742","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111974","article-title":"Ammonia exposure induces oxidative stress and inflammation by destroying the microtubule structures and the balance of solute carriers in the trachea of pigs","volume":"212","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib45","article-title":"Ammonia Exposure Induced Cilia Dysfunction of Nasal Mucosa in the Piglets","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111050","article-title":"Ammonia exposure causes lung injuries and disturbs pulmonary circadian clock gene network in a pig study","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3045","article-title":"Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity","volume":"16","author":"Whitsett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111870","article-title":"Ammonia exposure causes the disruption of the solute carrier family gene network in pigs","volume":"210","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00988-w","article-title":"Ultra-and micro-structural changes of respiratory tracts in SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-015-0067-4","article-title":"Proteome changes in the small intestinal mucosa of broilers (Gallus gallus) induced by high concentrations of atmospheric ammonia.","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318_bib51","series-title":"E3S Web of Conferences","article-title":"Diffusion model simulation of odor pollutants in livestock and poultry farms based on environmental monitoring of the Internet of Things","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651324013940?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651324013940?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:06:26Z","timestamp":1777489586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651324013940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0147651324013940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alteration of growth performance and characterization of pathological lesions in long-term ammonia-exposed pigs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117318","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117318"}}