{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:34:58Z","timestamp":1792794898161,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZR1453100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1453100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2021ZD25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2021ZD25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T18:53:50Z","timestamp":1739991230000},"page":"117906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exposure to polyethylene and polyvinylchloride microplastics caused advanced puberty onset in females through promoting hypothalamic GnRH expression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Shaolian","family":"Zang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27930-1","article-title":"Adverse health effects and mechanisms of microplastics on female reproductive system: a descriptive review","volume":"30","author":"Afreen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib2","first-page":"124","article-title":"Precocious puberty in children","volume":"25","author":"Atta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jcpsp-J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01479-w","article-title":"Nanoplastic occurrence, transformation and toxicity: a review","volume":"21","author":"Atugoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04554-4","article-title":"Precocious Puberty","volume":"90","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Pedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15665","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of central precocious puberty and normal variant puberty among children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017","volume":"3","author":"Brauner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174972","article-title":"Lactating exposure to microplastics at the dose of infants ingested during artificial feeding induced reproductive toxicity in female mice and their offspring","volume":"949","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.5881","article-title":"Worldwide secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among girls a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Eckert-Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01734-2","article-title":"Food chain microplastics contamination and impact on human health: a review","volume":"22","author":"Eze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199909000-00013","article-title":"Changes of serum allopregnanolone levels in the first 2 years of life and during pubertal development","volume":"46","author":"Fadalti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1019468","article-title":"Genetic, epigenetic and enviromental influencing factors on the regulation of precocious and delayed puberty","volume":"13","author":"Faienza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113966","article-title":"Co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and lead aggravated ovarian toxicity in female mice via the PERK\/eIF2\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"243","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121053","article-title":"Effects of weathered polyethylene microplastic ingestion on sexual maturation, fecundity and egg quality in maturing broodstock Atlantic cod Gadus morhua","volume":"320","author":"Fern\u00e2ndez-M\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-022-00453-2","article-title":"Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity and decreased testosterone levels via the LH-mediated LHR\/cAMP\/PKA\/StAR pathway","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283510","article-title":"Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104828","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics and disturbance of gut microbiota: a pilot study of preschool children in Xiamen, China","volume":"97","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108751","article-title":"Microplastics in human blood: Polymer types, concentrations and characterisation using \u03bcFTIR","volume":"188","author":"Leonard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","article-title":"Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood","volume":"163","author":"Leslie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-00171-y","article-title":"Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173522","article-title":"Prevalence and implications of microplastic contaminants in general human seminal fluid: A Raman spectroscopic study","volume":"937","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127754","article-title":"Microplastics increase the accumulation of phenanthrene in the ovaries of marine medaka (.) and its transgenerational toxicity","volume":"424","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127629","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics induced female reproductive toxicity in mice","volume":"424","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib22","article-title":"Micro (nano) plastic pollution: The ecological influence on soil-plant system and human health","volume":"788","author":"Mintallah Mousa A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121217","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics arrest skeletal growth in puberty through accelerating osteoblast senescence","volume":"322","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128161","article-title":"Exposure to polystyrene microplastics impairs gonads of zebrafish (.)","volume":"263","author":"Qiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.092","article-title":"A critical perspective on early communications concerning human health aspects of microplastics","volume":"626","author":"Rist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib26","article-title":"Emergence of Nanoplastic in the Environment and Possible Impact on Human Health","volume":"53","author":"Roman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib27","unstructured":"Rossana, S., et al., Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132702","article-title":"Rapid detection of nanoplastics down to 20 nm in water by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy","volume":"462","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120747","article-title":"Microplastics and plastics-associated contaminants in food and beverages; Global trends, concentrations, and human exposure","volume":"317","author":"Sewwandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13769-x","article-title":"Presence of microplastics in drinking water from freshwater sources: the investigation in Changsha, China","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170455","article-title":"Micro(nano)plastics in human urine: A surprising contrast between Chongqing's urban and rural regions","volume":"917","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib32","article-title":"Nanoplastics Cause Neurobehavioral Impairments, Reproductive and Oxidative Damages, and Biomarker Responses in Zebrafish: Throwing up Alarms of Wide Spread Health Risk of Exposure","volume":"21","author":"Sreeja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01727-1","article-title":"Health risk of human exposure to microplastics: a review","volume":"22","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-024-00574-w","article-title":"Exposure to high dose of polystyrene nanoplastics causes trophoblast cell apoptosis and induces miscarriage","volume":"21","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib35","article-title":"Polystyrene Microplastics Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Juvenile Rats Associated with Oxidative Stress and Activation of the PERK-eIF2\u03b1-ATF4-CHOP Signaling Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153059","article-title":"Comparing the effects of polystyrene microplastics exposure on reproduction and fertility in male and female mice","volume":"465","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib37","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis decodes the kidney microenvironment induced by polystyrene microplastics in mice receiving a high-fat diet","volume":"22","author":"Wenhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01271","article-title":"Association between serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels and risk of central and peripheral precocious puberty in girls","volume":"57","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03924","article-title":"Analysis of microplastics in human feces reveals a correlation between fecal microplastics and inflammatory bowel disease status","volume":"56","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051509","article-title":"Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems","volume":"17","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib41","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics induce microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in the gut of adult zebrafish","volume":"235","author":"Yuanxiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00237-7","article-title":"Central precocious puberty: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Zevin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132206","article-title":"Tracing microplastics in rural drinking water in Chongqing, China: Their presence and pathways from source to tap","volume":"459","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325002428?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325002428?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T08:45:52Z","timestamp":1762245952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651325002428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0147651325002428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exposure to polyethylene and polyvinylchloride microplastics caused advanced puberty onset in females through promoting hypothalamic GnRH expression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117906","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117906"}}