{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:02:57Z","timestamp":1791968577574,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017128","name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["hlqm12023046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["hlqm12023046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018628","name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023AH050601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH050601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2408085MH216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085MH216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T12:57:18Z","timestamp":1744721838000},"page":"118187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective cohort study using multi-state model analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Yu-Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin-Bin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma","family":"Ruo-Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ye","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-Cui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002055","article-title":"Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Adami","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03963-3","article-title":"Risk for cardiovascular disease development in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Bedekovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.02.037","article-title":"Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe \u2013 The ESCAPE project","volume":"72","author":"Beelen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001032","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart diseases in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Blyszczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.008","article-title":"Air pollution exposure increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal and nationwide study","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105974","article-title":"Long-term exposure to PM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040881","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000273","article-title":"Size-fractionated particulate air pollution and circulating biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and vasoconstriction in a panel of young adults","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10354","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01349-6","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk: a population-based study on 19 autoimmune diseases and 12 cardiovascular diseases in 22 million individuals in the UK","volume":"400","author":"Conrad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13467","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"291","author":"de Bont","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-019-00189-0","article-title":"Autoimmunity and inflammation link to cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"DeMizio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.10.005","article-title":"Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"10416","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01525-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"402","author":"Di Matteo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11195","DOI":"10.1021\/es301948k","article-title":"Development of land use regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and PM(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project","volume":"46","author":"Eeftens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib15","article-title":"Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Farhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102776","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities","volume":"20","author":"Figus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib17","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Rheumatoid Arthritis Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122181","article-title":"Potential roles of air pollutants on the induction and aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis: from cell to bedside studies","volume":"334","author":"Gumtorntip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127006","article-title":"Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in taiwan: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-43","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review","volume":"12","author":"Hoek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.2","article-title":"Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8346-7","article-title":"Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis - a comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Kurko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.002","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the vascular responses to inflammation","volume":"52","author":"Kvietys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3596-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: medications and risk factors in China","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7782","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00083","article-title":"Air pollution and cardiac arrest: a more significant intermediate role of copd than cardiac events","volume":"58","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280208092301","article-title":"Multi-state models for the analysis of time-to-event data","volume":"18","author":"Meira-Machado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.024","article-title":"Autoimmunity of the lung and oral mucosa in a multisystem inflammatory disease: the spark that lights the fire in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"137","author":"Mikuls","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00913-3","article-title":"Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures","volume":"45","author":"Pandics","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab127","article-title":"Association of particulate matter with autoimmune rheumatic diseases among adults in South Korea","volume":"60","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib30","first-page":"409","article-title":"Advances of surface modification to alleviate oxidative stress-induced valve degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19183-5","article-title":"Health impacts of lifestyle and ambient air pollution patterns on all-cause mortality: a UK Biobank cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life11101042","article-title":"Ischemic Heart Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Two Conditions, the Same Background","volume":"11","author":"Rezus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2024.100603","article-title":"An update on adverse health effects from exposure to PM2.5","volume":"18","author":"Sangkham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38047","article-title":"Impact of the environmental pollution on cardiovascular diseases: from epidemiological to molecular evidence","volume":"10","author":"Scimeca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114775","article-title":"Oxidative stress and valvular endothelial cells in aortic valve calcification","volume":"163","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2024.107282","article-title":"Effect of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species on signaling pathways in atherosclerosis","volume":"154","author":"Solanki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.125881","article-title":"Ambient PM2.5 caused cardiac dysfunction through FoxO1-targeted cardiac hypertrophy and macrophage-activated fibrosis in mice","volume":"247","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030509","article-title":"The key comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108060","article-title":"Incident risk and burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to long-term NO(2) exposure in Chinese adults","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib41","first-page":"734","article-title":"Air pollution and arrhythmic risk: the smog is yet to clear","volume":"29","author":"Watkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04928-y","article-title":"Large-scale genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic causal etiology between air pollutants and autoimmune diseases","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10710","article-title":"Association of combined exposure to ambient air pollutants, genetic risk, and incident rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-023-01495-x","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system: a review of epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.12.010","article-title":"Emerging role of air pollution in autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325005238?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325005238?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T08:43:37Z","timestamp":1762245817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651325005238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0147651325005238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective cohort study using multi-state model analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118187","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118187"}}