{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:21:31Z","timestamp":1790216491593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20242BAB25446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20242BAB25446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20224BAB216025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB216025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1745580103000},"page":"118239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of urinary perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate with pregnancy loss risk among reproductive-aged women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Jialyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haisheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rili","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qimei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1989.9935895","article-title":"Quality of community drinking water and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion","volume":"44","author":"Aschengrau","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz261","article-title":"Use of E-values for addressing confounding in observational studies-an empirical assessment of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Blum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxu058","article-title":"Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Bobb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0413-y","article-title":"Statistical software for analyzing the health effects of multiple concurrent exposures via Bayesian kernel machine regression","volume":"17","author":"Bobb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0109-y","article-title":"Serum concentrations of PFASs and exposure-related behaviors in African American and non-Hispanic white women","volume":"29","author":"Boronow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200104000-00016","article-title":"Agricultural contamination of groundwater as a possible risk factor for growth restriction or prematurity","volume":"43","author":"Bukowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05256-z","article-title":"Insulin resistance in women with recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13253-014-0180-3","article-title":"Characterization of weighted quantile sum regression for highly correlated data in a risk analysis setting","volume":"20","author":"Carrico","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib9","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), N.H.A.N.E.S.-D.D., nd. Codebook, and Frequencies: Perchlorate, Nitrate & Thiocyanate \u2013 Urine (Pernt_E). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/2007-2008\/pernt_e.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib10","first-page":"569","article-title":"Spontaneous abortions possibly related to ingestion of nitrate-contaminated well water--LaGrange County, Indiana, 1991\u20131994","volume":"45","author":"Centers For Disease","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139382","article-title":"Associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and rheumatoid arthritis in the U.S. adult population","volume":"337","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.039","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity: a multistate analysis, 2008\u20132010","volume":"210","author":"Creanga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2020.09.001","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index predicts independently type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Da Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prim. Care Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00228-z","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"6","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01268-9","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116514","article-title":"Association of blood cadmium and lead levels with self-reported reproductive lifespan and pregnancy loss: the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999\u20132018","volume":"233","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104155","article-title":"Impaired decidualization and relative increase of PROK1 expression in the decidua of patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss showing insulin resistance","volume":"160","author":"Goto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.03.075","article-title":"Long-term nitrate response in shallow groundwater to agricultural N regulations in Denmark","volume":"240","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00836-3","article-title":"Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences","volume":"387","author":"Heazell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","article-title":"A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures","volume":"128","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107249","article-title":"Associations of urinary perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate with central sensitivity to thyroid hormones: a US population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"164","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01403-7","article-title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of incident diabetes: a secondary analysis based on a Chinese cohort study: TyG index and incident diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib23","article-title":"Triglyceride induced metabolic inflammation: potential connection of insulin resistance and recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2018.135","article-title":"Review of perchlorate occurrence in large public drinking water systems in the United States of America","volume":"19","author":"Luis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306375","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in maternal mortality in the United States using enhanced vital records, 2016\u20132017","volume":"111","author":"Macdorman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.09.010","article-title":"Effect modification by race-ethnicity of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on airway inflammation in US children","volume":"115","author":"Mehari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.12.007","article-title":"Drinking-water exposure to a mixture of nitrate and low-dose atrazine metabolites and small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies: a historic cohort study","volume":"122","author":"Migeot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10293.OR","article-title":"Effect of environmental perchlorate on thyroid function in pregnant women from Cordoba, Argentina, and Los Angeles, California","volume":"17","author":"Pearce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6","article-title":"Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss","volume":"397","author":"Quenby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000363153","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormones for brain development and cognitive function","volume":"26","author":"Rovet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.08.001","article-title":"Before the beginning: environmental exposures and reproductive and obstetrical outcomes","volume":"112","author":"Segal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.995503","article-title":"Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: environmental relevant NIS-inhibitors pollutants and their impact on thyroid function and human health","volume":"13","author":"Serrano-Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8205","article-title":"Nitrate in drinking water during pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth: a retrospective within-mother analysis in California","volume":"129","author":"Sherris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.11.017","article-title":"Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and HOMA-IR for predicting prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409614","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and moderate exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy in women in Southern California","volume":"124","author":"Steinmaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00805-z","article-title":"Prenatal nitrosatable prescription drug intake, drinking water nitrate, and the risk of stillbirth: a register- and population-based cohort of Danish pregnancies, 1997\u20132017","volume":"20","author":"Thomsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2004.14.1012","article-title":"Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter","volume":"14","author":"Tonacchera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124074","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Fresh look into a full box","volume":"12","author":"Turesheva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1021\/ac048365f","article-title":"Analysis of perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"77","author":"Valentin-Blasini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.04.014","article-title":"Quantification of iodide and sodium-iodide symporter inhibitors in human urine using ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1155","author":"Valentin-Blasini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib41","article-title":"Black-White disparities in maternal vulnerability and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an ecological population study in the United States, 2014\u20132018","volume":"20","author":"Valerio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value","volume":"167","author":"Vanderweele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20655","article-title":"The effects of ammonium perchlorate on thyroid homeostasis and thyroid-specific gene expression in rat","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1378936","article-title":"Insulin resistance in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with lymphocyte population aberration","volume":"63","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02030-z","article-title":"The triglyceride-glucose index is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: evidence from NHANES 2001\u20132018","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325005755?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325005755?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T12:31:49Z","timestamp":1746880309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651325005755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0147651325005755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of urinary perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate with pregnancy loss risk among reproductive-aged women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118239","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118239"}}