{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1782827085352,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ40814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ40807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T19:46:32Z","timestamp":1757015192000},"page":"118987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Volatile organic compounds exposure with risk of thyroid function in U.S. general population: 2007\u20132012 NHANES"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangkai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-7-67","article-title":"Association between intrafollicular concentration of benzene and outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF\/ICSI cycles: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Alviggi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib2","first-page":"871","article-title":"Measurement of volatile organic compounds in human blood","volume":"104","author":"Ashley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70087","article-title":"Demystifying furan formation in foods: implications for human health, detection, and control measures: a review","volume":"24","author":"Batool","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90135-2","article-title":"The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes","volume":"111","author":"den Besten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.30","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Boelaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051501","article-title":"Overview of cadmium thyroid disrupting effects and mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Buha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30028-7","article-title":"Clinical aspects of thyroid function during ageing","volume":"6","author":"Chaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.5.1668","article-title":"High prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Chu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib9","first-page":"75","article-title":"Thyroid hormone levels associate with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls in adults exposed as children","volume":"18","author":"Curtis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Glob. Access Sci. Source"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13147","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413147","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as environmental pollutants: occurrence and mitigation using nanomaterials","volume":"18","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108922","article-title":"Association between mixture of persistent organic pollutants and thyroid pathologies in a Belgian population","volume":"181","author":"Dufour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11311","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03026","article-title":"Inhaling benzene, toluene, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, disrupts thyroid function in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","volume":"50","author":"Fernie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0588","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism and thyroid dysfunction: a matter of oxidative stress?","volume":"221","author":"Fortunato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13260","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging","volume":"19","author":"Gauthier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307359","article-title":"Human health effects of tetrachloroethylene: key findings and scientific issues","volume":"122","author":"Guyton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118781","article-title":"Association between multipollutant exposure and thyroid hormones in elderly people: a cross-sectional study in China","volume":"252","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170639","article-title":"Exposure to BTEX is associated with cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and leukocytosis in national US population","volume":"919","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib18","article-title":"Current trends in hypertension identification and management: insights from The National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) following the 2017 ACC\/AHA high blood pressure guidelines","volume":"13","author":"Heaton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-009-0398-5","article-title":"Effects of occupational exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene on hematologic, kidney, and liver functions","volume":"82","author":"Hsiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.174","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Jabbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0063","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cause-Specific mortality in a large cohort of women","volume":"27","author":"Journy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid Off. J. Am. Thyroid Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113413","article-title":"Associations of exposure to metal and metal mixtures with thyroid hormones: results from the NHANES 2007\u20132012","volume":"212","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106304","article-title":"Toluene concentrations in the blood and risk of thyroid cancer among residents living near national industrial complexes in South Korea: a population-based cohort study","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.008","article-title":"Cognitive and affective dysfunctions in autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"41","author":"Leyhe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143147","article-title":"The association between dietary fiber intake and serum klotho levels in Americans: a Cross-Sectional study from The National health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22196","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in women","volume":"325","author":"Mammen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200093","article-title":"Furan in heat-treated foods: formation, exposure, toxicity, and aspects of risk assessment","volume":"56","author":"Moro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib28","first-page":"10653","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of a chlorinated drinking water concentrate in a rat multigenerational reproductive toxicity study","volume":"47","author":"Narotsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third report of The National cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation Studies)","volume":"466","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"1999","journal-title":"Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M.O., 2008. Effects of thyroid hormone analogs on lipid metabolism and thermogenesis [WWW Document]. \u3008https:\/\/home.liebertpub.com\/thy\u3009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2007.0288.","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0288"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0417","article-title":"Proliferative activity of human thyroid cells in various age groups and its correlation with the risk of thyroid cancer after radiation exposure","volume":"91","author":"Saad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1429884","article-title":"The impact of environmental factors and contaminants on thyroid function and disease from fetal to adult life: current evidence and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Street","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04008","article-title":"Relationship between blood trihalomethane concentrations and serum thyroid function measures in U.S. Adults","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Env. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.047","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults","volume":"60","author":"Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph5030139","article-title":"Impact of organic solvents and environmental pollutants on the physiological function in petrol filling workers","volume":"5","author":"Uzma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.08.009","article-title":"Autoimmune potential of perchloroethylene: role of lipid-derived aldehydes","volume":"333","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib38","article-title":"Association between short-term air pollution exposure and perturbation in thyrotropin levels in 1.38 million Chinese women: a national longitudinal analysis, 2014-2019","volume":"465","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.13.5.489","article-title":"Selective activators of thyroid hormone receptors","volume":"13","author":"Webb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.085","article-title":"Para-Dichlorobenzene exposure is associated with thyroid dysfunction in US adolescents","volume":"177","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119356","article-title":"A review of practical statistical methods used in epidemiological studies to estimate the health effects of multi-pollutant mixture","volume":"306","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183464","article-title":"Association between the occurrence of primary hypothyroidism and the exposure of the population near to industrial pollutants in S\u00e3o paulo state, Brazil","volume":"16","author":"Zaccarelli-Marino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib43","article-title":"FT4\/FT3 ratio: a novel biomarker predicts coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in euthyroid INOCA patients","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02030-z","article-title":"The triglyceride-glucose index is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: evidence from NHANES 2001\u20132018","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137489","article-title":"Environmental and human health impacts of volatile organic compounds: a perspective review","volume":"313","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325013326?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325013326?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T13:35:12Z","timestamp":1777124112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651325013326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0147651325013326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Volatile organic compounds exposure with risk of thyroid function in U.S. general population: 2007\u20132012 NHANES","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118987","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118987"}}