{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T21:28:33Z","timestamp":1778966913371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003996","name":"Kunming Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024XKTDPY07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XKTDPY07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003996","name":"Kunming Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024XKTDYS07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XKTDYS07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-PT320\\u2013005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PT320\\u2013005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17613819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17613819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T24\\u2013508\/22-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T24\\u2013508\/22-N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17104625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17104625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17115122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17115122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17109723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17109723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C7098\\u201323GF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7098\\u201323GF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C6022\\u201323GF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C6022\\u201323GF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82360562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82360490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012479","name":"General Research Fund of Shanghai Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20211551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20211551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18192061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18192061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018835","name":"NIHR Sheffield Clinical Research Facility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102010191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102010191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202403AC100015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202403AC100015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:17:46Z","timestamp":1767687466000},"page":"119604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shared mineral pathology in malignant and non-malignant lung tissues of non-smoking women from Xuan Wei, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6739-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheshen","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaoxiu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhouxi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangjian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8104-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renyue","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0426-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunchao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2240-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linwei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.4.1278","article-title":"Association of malignancy with diseases causing interstitial pulmonary changes","volume":"121","author":"Bouros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0191","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities: what radiologists should know","volume":"22","author":"Chae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-1014OC","article-title":"Lung pathology in U.S. coal workers with rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis implicates silica and silicates","volume":"193","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1177\/074823378900500613","article-title":"Production of free radicals arising from the surface activity of minerals and oxygen. Part I. Iron mine ores","volume":"5","author":"Costa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib5","series-title":"Health Related Effects of Phyllosilicates","first-page":"129","article-title":"Oxidizing surface properties of divalent iron-rich phyllosilicates in relation to their toxicity by oxidative stress mechanism","author":"Costa","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2008.06.030","article-title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur coal, Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan, China: evidence for a volcanic ash component and influence by submarine exhalation","volume":"255","author":"Dai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1439","article-title":"Cytokine networks in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung","volume":"97","author":"Elias","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08432-5","article-title":"Comparison of chest CT severity scoring systems for COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Elmokadem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.8.549","article-title":"Exposure and mineralogical correlates of pulmonary fibrosis in chrysotile asbestos workers","volume":"54","author":"Green","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30168-5","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities detected incidentally on CT: a position paper from the Fleischner society","volume":"8","author":"Hatabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-218055","article-title":"Impact of interstitial lung abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications and survival of lung cancer","volume":"78","author":"Im","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.03.016","article-title":"Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Karampitsakos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib14","article-title":"Acicular chamosite in the coal mined in southern China, as potential cause of lung cancer in the area","author":"Kogure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euroclay International Conference Clay Science Technology. Pierre Marie Curie University (UPMC) Paris France"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.11.826","article-title":"Household stove improvement and risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China","volume":"94","author":"Lan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9016","DOI":"10.1021\/es902033j","article-title":"Silica\u2212 volatile interaction and the geological cause of the Xuan Wei lung cancer epidemic","volume":"43","author":"Large","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109312","article-title":"The characteristics of lung cancer in Xuanwei County: a review of differentially expressed genes and noncoding RNAs on cell proliferation and migration","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/min11010019","article-title":"Mineral matter in the Late Permian C1 coal from Yunnan Province, China, with emphasis on its origins and modes of occurrence","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib19","first-page":"42","article-title":"Natural inhalation exposure to coal smoke and wood smoke induces lung cancer in mice and rats","volume":"1","author":"Liang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci. BES"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-015-0413-z","article-title":"Temporal trend of mortality from major cancers in Xuanwei, China","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2017.1322933","article-title":"Influence of quartz exposure on lung cancer types in cases of lymph node-only silicosis and lung silicosis in German uranium miners","volume":"73","author":"Mielke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3798109","article-title":"Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China","volume":"235","author":"Mumford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.12.3031","article-title":"Human exposure and dosimetry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine from Xuan Wei, China with high lung cancer mortality associated with exposure to unvented coal smoke","volume":"16","author":"Mumford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13050473","article-title":"Lung cancer mortality and topography: a Xuanwei case study","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2010.506494","article-title":"Association between lymph node silicosis and lung silicosis in 4,384 German uranium miners with lung cancer","volume":"66","author":"Taeger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib26","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Preliminary analysis of 6 coals associated with different lung cancer rates","author":"Tian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indoor air 2002 Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Indoor Air Qual. Clim. IV"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.04.004","article-title":"Effect of chimneys on indoor air concentrations of PM10 and benzo [a] pyrene in Xuan Wei, China","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib28","first-page":"1550","article-title":"The influence of dust standards on the prevalence and severity of coal Worker's pneumoconiosis at autopsy in the United States of America. Archives of Pathology &amp","volume":"135","author":"Vallyathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4913","article-title":"Constituents of household air pollution and risk of lung cancer among never-smoking women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China","volume":"127","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib30","first-page":"109","article-title":"The development of awareness of the carcinogenic hazard of inhaled iron","volume":"11","author":"Weinberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib31","first-page":"1","author":"Yunnan Provincial Health Commission","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investigation Lung Cancer Occurrence Hutou Village Xuan Wei (Report No. 2005646). Kunming China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604_bib32","article-title":"The co-occurrence of anthracosis with interstitial lung disease","volume":"39","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffus. Lung Dis."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325019499?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651325019499?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1778965250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651325019499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0147651325019499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shared mineral pathology in malignant and non-malignant lung tissues of non-smoking women from Xuan Wei, China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119604"}}