{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1777778022682,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Province Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:35:04Z","timestamp":1772026504000},"page":"119930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Manganese thresholds govern antagonism\u2013synergy switching in tetracycline phytotoxicity in Lemna minor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"312","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7087-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilong","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalase in vitro","volume":"105","author":"Aebi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1897\/01-386","article-title":"Mixture toxicity and its modeling by quantitative structure-activity relationships","volume":"22","author":"Altenburger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141519","article-title":"Tetracyclines contamination in European aquatic environments: a comprehensive review of occurrence, fate, and removal techniques","volume":"353","author":"Antos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3339","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the environment\u2013Global occurrences and perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Aus der Beek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117390","article-title":"Aquifer pollution by metal-antibiotic complexes: origins, transport dynamics, and ecological impacts","volume":"288","author":"Baral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels","volume":"44","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1939.tb06990.x","article-title":"The toxicity of poisons applied jointly","volume":"26","author":"Bliss","year":"1939","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.07.028","article-title":"Hormesis and plant biology","volume":"157","author":"Calabrese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib11","series-title":"Development of the first Watch List under the Environmental Quality Standards Directive","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096580","article-title":"Quantifying synergy: a systematic review of mixture toxicity studies within environmental toxicology","volume":"9","author":"Cedergreen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(55)02300-8","article-title":"Assay of catalases and peroxidases","volume":"2","author":"Chance","year":"1955","journal-title":"Methods Enzym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1021\/es802295r","article-title":"Transformation of tetracyclines mediated by Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions in the presence of oxygen","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2022.100110","article-title":"Evaluation of synergism in drug combinations and reference models for future orientations in oncology","volume":"3","author":"Duarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Pharmacol. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344552","article-title":"Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife","volume":"7","author":"Efron","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5634","article-title":"Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals","volume":"17","author":"EFSA Scientific Committee","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.149","article-title":"Analysis of drug combinations: current methodological landscape","volume":"3","author":"Foucquier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","article-title":"Array programming with NumPy","volume":"585","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(68)90654-1","article-title":"Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts","volume":"125","author":"Heath","year":"1968","journal-title":"I. Kinet. Stoichiom. Fat. Acid. peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1126\/science.52.1354.562","article-title":"Optimum nutrient solutions for plants","volume":"52","author":"Hoagland","year":"1920","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030312","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signaling and oxidative stress: transcriptional regulation and evolution","volume":"13","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5431-5","article-title":"The occurrence and fate of tetracyclines in two pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants of Northern China","volume":"23","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","article-title":"Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W739","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac382","article-title":"SynergyFinder 3.0: interactive analysis and consensus visualization of multi-drug synergies across multiple samples","volume":"50","author":"Ianevski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13020215","article-title":"Comparative phytotoxicity of metallic elements on duckweed Lemna gibba L. using growth- and chlorophyll fluorescence induction-based endpoints","volume":"13","author":"Irfan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib27","series-title":"Principal Component Analysis","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226765","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical parameters of common duckweed Lemna minor after the exposure to tetracycline and the recovery from this stress","volume":"26","author":"Krupka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)48036-1","article-title":"Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes","volume":"148","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Methods Enzym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111461","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in the water, sediment, and biota of freshwater and marine environments: A review","volume":"11","author":"Maghsodian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111428","article-title":"Combined toxicity of therapeutic pharmaceuticals to duckweed, Lemna minor","volume":"208","author":"Markovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106206","article-title":"Ten years of research on synergisms and antagonisms in chemical mixtures: a systematic review and quantitative reappraisal of mixture studies","volume":"146","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/51.345.659","article-title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence\u2013a practical guide","volume":"51","author":"Maxwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers339","article-title":"Excess manganese differentially inhibits photosystem I versus II in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"64","author":"Millaleo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00499-2","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses","volume":"23","author":"Mittler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1545","article-title":"Estimating regression models with unknown break-points","volume":"22","author":"Muggeo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116777","article-title":"Emerging potentials of duckweed (Lemnaceae): from composition to protein uses in food and nutraceuticals - A review","volume":"219","author":"Muller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib38","series-title":"Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology: The Science of Pollution","author":"Newman","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib39","series-title":"Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals","author":"OECD","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.02.001","article-title":"Effects of erythromycin, tetracycline and ibuprofen on the growth of Synechocystis sp. and Lemna minor","volume":"67","author":"Pomati","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11050477","article-title":"Antioxidant defense system in plants: reactive oxygen species production, signaling, and scavenging during abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib42","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A deep voyage across chemical occurrence data","volume":"1002","author":"Rosato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29163971","article-title":"Utilizing morphological and physiological parameters of Lemna minor for assessing tetracyclines' removal","volume":"29","author":"Sikorski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35895-x","article-title":"Excess manganese increases photosynthetic activity via enhanced reducing center and antenna plasticity in Chlorella vulgaris","volume":"13","author":"Smythers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00370-y","article-title":"Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses the CO2 assimilation reaction in rice leaves","volume":"11","author":"Takagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0472","article-title":"Piecewise regression: a tool for identifying ecological thresholds","volume":"84","author":"Toms","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2023.105440","article-title":"Uptake of Co, Cs, Mn, Ni and Zn by Lemna minor and their effects on physiological and biochemical functions","volume":"213","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0 contributors. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141975","article-title":"Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of typical tetracycline antibiotics in the aquatic environment: a review","volume":"753","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2015.09.001","article-title":"Searching for drug synergy in complex dose-response landscapes using an interaction potency model","volume":"13","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167737","article-title":"A review of antibiotics in surface water and their removal by advanced electrocoagulation technologies","volume":"906","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.104519","article-title":"Effect of Fe (II) on manganese removal in biofilters: Microbial community, formation of manganese oxide and related mechanisms","volume":"56","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15020048","article-title":"Developments in toxicity testing with duckweeds","volume":"15","author":"Ziegler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Xenobiot."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326002599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326002599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:17:23Z","timestamp":1777490243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326002599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0147651326002599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Manganese thresholds govern antagonism\u2013synergy switching in tetracycline phytotoxicity in Lemna minor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119930","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119930"}}