{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:12:49Z","timestamp":1778735569350,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:12:57Z","timestamp":1776355977000},"page":"120137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) exposure produces rapid and permanent damage in turfgrass"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"316","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6111-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selena","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1196-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5554-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Rohlfsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Freund Saxhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7225-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Petrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9892-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Kragtorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.271","article-title":"Environmental Release, Environmental Concentrations, and Ecological Risk of N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)","volume":"8","author":"Aronson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib2","unstructured":"Consumer Protection Information Database. 2015. \u201cOFF! FamilyCare Insect Repellent IV, Unscented with Aloe vera, Pump Spray.\u201d \u3008https:\/\/www.whatsinproducts.com\/types\/type_detail\/1\/16560\/standard\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib3","unstructured":"Consumer Protection Information Database. 2021. \u201cOFF! Deep Woods Insect Repellent VII, Long Lasting Protection, Pump Spray.\u201d \u3008https:\/\/www.whatsinproducts.com\/types\/type_detail\/1\/24071\/standard\/19-001-855\u3009."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.05.036","article-title":"Is There a Risk Associated with the Insect Repellent DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide) Commonly Found in Aquatic Environments?","volume":"384","author":"Costanzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/19336934.2015.1079360","article-title":"The mysterious multi-modal repellency of DEET","volume":"9","author":"DeGennaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib6","unstructured":"U.S. EPA. 1998. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) DEET. \u3008https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/pesticides\/chem_search\/reg_actions\/reregistration\/red_PC-080301_1-Apr-98.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib7","unstructured":"Frank, Kevin. 2013. \u201cMosquito Repellent Can Damage Turf.\u201d \u3008https:\/\/www.canr.msu.edu\/news\/mosquito_repellent_can_damage_turf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109881","article-title":"Aquatic Life Criteria Derivation and Ecological Risk Assessment of DEET in China","volume":"188","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Effect of Human Insect Repellents on Perennial Ryegrass Injury and Recovery","volume":"4","author":"Hoyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crop Forage & Turfgrass Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2009.00007.x","article-title":"The Role of the United States Military in the Development of Vector Control Products, Including Insect Repellents, Insecticides, and Bed Nets","volume":"34","author":"Kitchen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4550","article-title":"N,N -Diethyl-m-Toluamide Exposure at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration Influences River Microbial Community Development","volume":"38","author":"Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-015-1564-z","article-title":"Acute Toxicity Assessment of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET) on the Oxygen Flux of the Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium Instriatum","volume":"25","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib14","unstructured":"Strock, Christopher. 2021. \u201cProtocol for Extracting Basic Color Metrics from Images in ImageJ\/Fiji.\u201d doi:10.5281\/zenodo.5595203."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00354","article-title":"Analysis of the Human Adult Urinary Metabolome Variations with Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender by Implementing a Comprehensive Workflow for Univariate and OPLS Statistical Analyses","volume":"14","author":"Th\u00e9venot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib16","unstructured":"US EPA, O.C.S.P.P.. 2013. \u201cDEET.\u201d \u3008https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/insect-repellents\/deet\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1246","article-title":"Assessment of the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity of N,N-diethyl -m- Toluamide (DEET)","volume":"8","author":"Weeks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326004665?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326004665?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:44:06Z","timestamp":1778733846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326004665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S0147651326004665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) exposure produces rapid and permanent damage in turfgrass","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120137","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120137"}}